The Central American equine epizootic and epidemic of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) that began in June 1969 near the Guatemala-El Salvador border has been welldocumented (1-S). That outbreak spread southeast, reaching Guanacaste, Costa Rica, by 1970, and north, reaching southern Texas in 1971. The last known cases of equine infection by the exotic equine-virulent subtype I-AB strain of V...

In a previous report, it was shown that nonviable Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) vaccines prepared by exposure of virus suspensions produced in WI-38 cells to ionizing radiations were highly effective in protecting guinea pigs subjected to intraperitoneal (ip) challenge with VEE virus. To characterize further the efficacy of irradiated vaccines, guinea pigs were immunized with three lots ...

We investigate the quantization problem of $(-1)$-shifted derived Poisson manifolds in terms $\BV_\infty$-operators on space Berezinian half-densities. prove that quantizing such a manifold is equivalent to lifting consecutive sequences Maurer-Cartan elements short exact differential graded Lie algebras, where obstruction certain class second cohomology. Consequently, quantizable if cohomology ...

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus in vaccinated and naturally infected humans. A total of 441 sera found negative for VEE antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization were examined by IgG ELISA and gave a 1.0% false-positive rate; no false-positives were found ...

Methods Vascular ejection efficiency (VEE) is proportional to the dimensionless ratio of aortic diameter to wavelength of the transmitted blood pulse. The wavelength of ejected blood is proportional to blood wave velocity divided by blood wave frequency measured using phase velocity mapping (PVM) applied to the ascending aorta. Left ventricular function and aortic PVM data were retrospectively ...

Recent studies have indicated that epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses can evolve from enzootic, subtype ID strains that circulate continuously in lowland tropical forests (A. M. Powers, M. S. Oberste, A. C. Brault, R. Rico-Hesse, S. M. Schmura, J. F. Smith, W. Kang, W. P. Sweeney, and S. C. Weaver, J. Virol. 71:6697-6705, 1997). To identify mutations associated with the phen...

We have previously characterized with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) seven unique epitopes on the two envelope glycoproteins of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccine strain TC-83. The epitopes important in protection from VEE virus infection were determined in passive antibody transfer studies, with virulent VEE (Trinidad donkey) virus as the challenge virus. Selected high-avidi...

A variety of vaccine platforms are under study for development of new vaccines for measles. Problems with past measles vaccines are incompletely understood and underscore the need to understand the types of immune responses induced by different types of vaccines. Detailed immune response evaluation is most easily performed in mice. Although mice are not susceptible to infection with wild type o...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1. History and successes of cancer immunotherapy 2.2. Viruses and cancer therapy 3. Identification of tumor associated antigens 4. Ideal properties of an antigen delivery system 4.1. Why are viral vectors suitable for delivering TAAs? 5. Poxvirus vectors 5.1. Vaccinia virus 5.1.1. Use of vaccinia viral vectors to deliver tumor antigens 5.1.1.1. Carcinoembryonic ant...