Bi-level decision-making techniques aim to deal with decentralized management problems that feature interactive decision entities distributed throughout a bi-level hierarchy. A challenge in handling bi-level decision problems is that various uncertainties naturally appear in decision-making process. Significant efforts have been devoted that fuzzy set techniques can be used to effectively deal ...

olds ( α̃, β̃ ) and interval valued fuzzy generalized bi-ideals with thresholds ( α̃, β̃ ) , which are generalization of interval valued fuzzy ideals, interval valued fuzzy interior ideals, interval valued fuzzy quasi ideals and interval valued fuzzy generalized bi-ideals, in a semigroup are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of regular semigroups by the properti...

This paper introduces a novel variation of the vee dipole antenna consisting of two coplanar vee dipoles with a common feed point. It is referred to as a double-vee dipole. Radiation characteristics of the double-vee dipole antenna are investigated numerically and experimentally. It is shown that the double-vee dipole can provide significantly higher directivity and lower sidelobes and back rad...

A novel genetic vaccine that is based on a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) replicon launched from plasmid DNA is described. The plasmid encodes a VEE replicon under the transcriptional control of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter (VEE DNA). The VEE DNA consistently expressed 3- to 15-fold more green fluorescent protein in vitro than did a conventional DNA vaccine. Furtherm...

abstract. in this paper, we introduce the notion of fuzzy obstinate ideals in mv -algebras. some properties of fuzzy obstinate ideals are given. not only we give some characterizations of fuzzy obstinate ideals, but also bring the extension theorem of fuzzy obstinate ideal of an mv -algebra a. we investigate the relationships between fuzzy obstinate ideals and the other fuzzy ideals of an mv -a...

in this paper, for a complete lattice l, we introduce interval-valued l-fuzzy ideal (prime ideal) of a near-ring which is an extended notion of fuzzy ideal (prime ideal) of a near-ring. some characterization and properties are discussed.

The enzootic or endemic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus (ID, IE, IF, and II-VI) are considered avirulent. In 1993 and 1996, outbreaks of encephalitis occurred in the horse populations in the Chiapas and Oaxaca provinces of Mexico, respectively. In both instances, enzootic VEE virus subserotype IE was isolated from brain tissues of dead horses. The present study invest...

In this paper, we introduce the notion of fuzzy ideal,fuzzy weak ideal,fuzzy weakly prime left ideal and fuzzy prime left ideal system of a near-subtraction semigroup. We characterize fuzzy weak ideal and fuzzy ideal of a near-subtraction semigroup X through weak ideal and ideal of X respectively. We have shown that a fuzzy left ideal μ of a nearsubtraction semigroup X is a fuzzy weakly prime l...

in this paper, we establish the theory of fuzzy ideal convergence on completely distributive lattices and give characterizations of some topological notions. we also study fuzzy limit structures and discuss the relationship between fuzzy co-topologies and fuzzy limit structures.