Background: Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore forming, and aerobic/anaerobic cocobacillus known as the causative agent of human and animal diseases. Humans can often be affected by cat scratch or bite, which may lead to soft tissue infections and in rare cases to bacteremia and septicemia. Commercial vaccines against this agent include inactivated, live attenuated,...

After decades of intensive control efforts, tuberculosis (TB) still remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Antigen Ag85B, a major protein secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a vaccine candidate against TB. In the present study, we used Signalp, TMHMM, ProPred, BIMAS, SYFPEITHI, DNAStar and IEDB to predict the Tand B-cell epitopes. The analysis o...

UNLABELLED Hepatitis C is the major health problem over the globe affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide and about 10 million Pakistani populations. Developing countries are especially facing the problems of HCV infection. Hence the goal of the study was to find out the antigenic epitopes that could be effective vaccine targets of HCV genotype 1 of Asian origin against HLA alleles...

objective(s):brucellosis is a well-known domestic animal infectious disease, which is caused by brucella bacterium. groel antigen increases brucella survival and is one of the major antigens that stimulates the immune system. hence, the objective of the present study was cloning and bioinformatics analysis of groel gene. materials and methods: the full-length open reading frame of this gene was...

background: neisseria meningitidis, a life-threatening human pathogen with the potential to cause large epidemics, can be isolated from the nasopharynx of 5–15% of adults. the aim of the current study was to evaluate biophysical and biochemical properties and immunological aspects of chimeric acyl-carrier protein-macrophage infectivity potentiator protein-type iv pilus biogenesis protein antige...

Pulchellin is a plant biotoxin categorized as type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIPs) which potentially kills cells at very low concentrations. Biotoxins serve targeting immunotoxins (IT), consisting of antibodies conjugated to toxins. ITs have two independent components, human antibody and toxin with bacterial or source; therefore, they pose unique setbacks in immunogenicity. To overcome t...

Recently, a new biomarker of mosquito bite has been developed using human antibody response to salivary protein. One the proteins that tested is protein 34-kDa which refined Nterm-34 kDa peptide. This study aimed characterize peptide as potential antigen asses Dengue virus transmission risk. The sequence was analyzed several software predict characteristic BLASTP from Vectorbase and NCBI wa use...

UNLABELLED We investigated the hypothesis that the correlation between the class I HLA types of an individual and whether that individual spontaneously controls HIV-1 is mediated by the targeting of specific epitopes by CD8(+) T cells. By measuring gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay responses to a panel of 257 optimally defined epitopes in 341 untreated HIV-infect...

Chronic administration of protein therapeutics may elicit unacceptable immune responses to the specific protein. Our hypothesis is that the immunogenicity of protein drugs can be ascribed to a few immunodominant helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, and that reducing the MHC binding affinity of these HTL epitopes contained within these proteins can generate drugs with lower immunogenicity. To tes...

Tetanus toxoid isa routinepositivecontrol antigen for cellularassays.Previousstudies identifiedmultiple tetanus toxin (TT) epitopes, including some ‘universal’ epitopes. However, rigorous HLA-restricted study of tetanus toxoid responses is still lacking. In this study, the tetramer-guided epitope mapping approach was used to identify CD41 T-cell epitopes within the TT heavy chain restricted by ...