The present study assessed children's knowledge of how speakers use modal auxiliaries such as might and have to to indicate their degree of belief in the truth of their statements (epistemic modality), and to socially regulate behavior (deontic modality). We also considered whether modals comprise a semantic system that is progressively attained in a way similar to other semantic systems. Child...

Bilgisel kiplik bir ifadede sunulan bilgiye ilişkin yazarın özgüven düzeyini yansıtır. Yazarın sözcük seçimlerinin bilginin artarımında önemli rol oynadığı bilimsel araştırmalar, pekiştirici veya önermenin kesinliğini azaltan ifadeler olarak belirticilerinin dikkatle seçimini gerektirir. Bu bağlamda, mevcut çalışma Türk araştırmacıların doktora tezleri, yüksek lisans tezleri ve araştırma makale...

Research on the interpretation of adverbs such as really, just, only, rather, quite, apparently or absolutely shows that they are contextually sensitive and highly flexible. This paper takes a closer look at really in order to account for its various interpretations. Stenström’s (1986) work on really forms the starting-point for the investigation. The following examples are from Stenström (1986...

In addition to its use in plain future assertions, gaa is also used to make epistemic modal claims that lack future orientation. (2a) is an epistemic modal claim with present temporal orientation. The indicative non-modal counterpart of (2a) is (2b). In (2a) the auxiliary bears subjunctive mood morphology and the particle gaa, whereas in (2b) the present indicative auxiliary hai is used. The fe...

This paper details the method used to augment an epistemic modality corpus (the Bioscope corpus), incorporating results from the lexical and syntactic analysis of its sentences. The features resulting from these analyses were consolidated in a single data structure, that can be used for interactive experimentation on the corpus. Some visualization aids developed for corpus browsing are also des...

English. We have produced a corpus annotated for modality which amounts to approximately 20,000 words in English, French, and Italian. The annotation scheme is based on the notion of epistemic construction and virtually languageindependent. The annotation is rigorously evaluated by means of a newly developed strategy based on the alignment of the entire epistemic constructions as identified and...

In this article, we introduce an epistemic modal operator modelling knowledge over distributive non-associative full Lambek calculus with a negation. Our approach is based on the relational semantics for substructural logics: we interpret the elements of a relational frame as information states consisting of collections of data. The principal epistemic relation between the states is the one of ...

It is fairly standard to assume that a speech act consists of an illocutionary level of meaning, F , and a separate level of propositional content, p, such that F takes p as its argument, F (p). This paper is concerned (i) with establishing for one language, Cusco Quechua (CQ), to which of these two levels of meaning its evidential and its epistemic modal markers belong, and (ii) with developin...

Epistemic modals relativize the truth value of a proposition to some body of knowledge. It is thus reasonable to consider that their truth conditions concern at least as much the attitude of the speaker(s) towards the proposition as the content of the proposition itself. Epistemic modals can be seen as evidential comments on propositions (von Fintel and Gillies 2007). Veltman (1996), Groenendij...