extractin any era to the present era, risk of changes of family and their adverse effects are not studied and also these adverse effects are now more than any time. statistics show that each year the number of divorce will increase and there is the risk for many families. so, after the second world war ii the rate of divorce is not lower from average of 400,000 cases. the result of research in ...

background: cryptosporidiumis known as an opportunist disease-causing agent in man in recent decades. it causes diarrhea and intestinal disorders in the immune deficit and immune competent individuals. this study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of hiv/aids patients withcryptosporidiosisinfection. methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 53 hiv/aids ...

Myalgic encephalomyelitis is a common disability but frequently misinterpreted. Amongst 6,000 patients referred for general microbiological diagnosis between 1975 and 1987, 420 cases were recognized. Coxsackie B neutralization tests, in 205 of these, demonstrated significant titres in 103/205 (50%), while of 124 additionally investigated for enteroviral IgM, 38/124 (31%) were positive. This ill...

Background Success of footwear as a modifiable intervention is complex and various qualitative studies have revealed that for women in particular shoes form an important part of clothing, self-identity and self-esteem. Whilst it is accepted that heel height may be an important differentiating characteristic of shoes that affect biomechanical function there is very little epidemiological longitu...

Osteopoikilosis is a rare condition showing characteristic sclerotic lesions on radiographic examination, which are diagnostic for the trait. We report four patients presenting with various complaints and 49 members of their families who later were found to have osteopoikilosis. The mean age of all 53 was 27.5 years and the male:female ratio was 33:20. Most had lesions in the small tubular bone...

The emergence pattern of Schistosoma curassoni cercariae from Bulinus umbilicatus, whose adult worms parasitize bovine, caprine, and ovine ungulates in Niger, is of a circadian type with a mean emission time at 0855 hr +/- 1 hr 6 min, characteristic of the schistosome species parasitizing domestic or wild cattle. The comparison of this cercarial emergence pattern with those of the other 3 sympa...

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare, highly aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from the collecting duct epithelium of the kidney. CDC was reported to coexist with renal cell and transitional cell carcinomas. We report a rare case of CDC associated with oncocytoma, confirmed by the characteristic histological appearance and immunohistochemistry. We also review the epidemiological, h...

Abstract: In this paper, a delayed ratio-dependent eco-epidemiological model with Holling type III functional response and two time delays is investigated.By regarding the delay as the bifurcation parameter, local stability of each equilibrium is discussed at the endemic equilibrium. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the conditions for existence of Hopf bifurcation for th...

A set composed of 27 phages is described for differentiating Salmonella spp. representative of groups A, B, C1, C2, D1, D2, E1, E2, E3, E4, G1, K, and N. All of the 1,245 cultures used in this effort were typable and were differentiated on the basis of the 420 phage patterns observed. All results were reproducible. Characteristic phage patterns were produced by a variety of Salmonella serovars ...

The past five decades of international epidemiological research have shown that most cancers that are frequent in one population are relatively rare in another and that these patterns vary over time. For example, oesophageal cancer is common among men in East Africa but rare in West Africa. Colorectal cancer, once rare in Japan, increased 4-fold in incidence in just two decades. These observati...