ABSTRACT Diarrhoeal illness is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are no precise or current estimates of the types and prevalence of pathogens associated with diarrheal illnesses in developed and developing settings. This systematic review assessed data from 60 studies published in the English language from five developing regions and developed countries worldwide...

BACKGROUND Diarrhoea is a serious threat all over the world with great economic implications especially evident in the developing world. This study was aimed at determining in vitro efficacy of Zinc (Zn) against common enteric bacterial pathogens. METHOD A total of 100 bacterial enteric pathogens: Salmonellae (n = 16), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (n = 26). Shigellae (n = 28) and ...

Enteric pathogens employ sophisticated strategies to colonize and infect mammalian hosts. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter jejuni, are among the leading causes of gastrointestinal tract infections worldwide. The virulence strategies of many of these Gram-negative pathogens rely on type III secretion systems (T3SSs), which are macromolecular syringe...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Enteric parasites are major cause of diarrhoea in HIV infected individuals. The present study was undertaken to detect enteric parasites in HIV infected patients with diarrhoea at different levels of immunity. METHODS The study was carried out at National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India, between March 2002 and March 2007 among consecutively enrolled 137 HIV infecte...

Enteric pathogens associated with chronic diarrhoea in HIV-positive patients were studied . The study was conducted during January 1995-December 1998. Stool specimens from all diarrhoea patients (n=26) were examined microscopically for ova and parasites using wet preparations and stained smears. Stool samples from diarrhoea patients were also cultured on appropriate media to isolate enteric bac...

The hazards associated with pathogens in land-applied animal and human wastes have long been recognized. Management of these risks requires an understanding of sources, concentrations, and removal by processes that may be used to treat the wastes; survival in the environment; and exposure to sensitive populations. The major sources are animal feeding operations, municipal wastewater treatment p...

chronic constipation is still considered a functional or idiopathic disorder. however, in recent years there is evidence that its pathopysiological grounds may be actually due to a complex system of abnormalities of the enteric nervous system of these patients. in particular, as reported in this review, the enteric glial cells seem to be constantly involved in constipated patients, suggesting t...

Since early detection of pathogens and their virulence factors contribute to intervention and control strategies, we assessed the enteropathogens in diarrhoea disease and investigated the link between toxigenic strains of Escherichia coli from stool and drinking-water sources; and determined the expression of toxin genes by antibiotic-resistant E. coli in Lagos, Nigeria. This was compared with ...

Calf diarrhea is a commonly reported disease in young animals, and still a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers worldwide. In the report of the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, half of the deaths among unweaned calves was attributed to diarrhea. Multiple pathogens are known or postulated to cause or contribute to calf diarrhea developmen...

Many pathogens are capable of causing a fulminant infection in pulmonary tissues of mammals. Animal models have provided an extensive understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis as well as host immune response in the lungs. Many clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria are host-restricted. Thus, the powerful, informative tools of mouse models are not availa...