The ENSO observing system in the tropical Pacific plays an important role in monitoring ENSO and helping improve the understanding and prediction of ENSO. Occurrence of ENSO has been explained as either a self-sustained and naturally oscillatory mode of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system or a stable mode triggered by stochastic forcing. In either case, ENSO involves the positive ocean-atmosphe...

We examine the behaviour of the El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in an ensemble of global climate model simulations with perturbations to parameters in the atmosphere and ocean components respectively. The influence of the uncertainty in these parametrisations on ENSO are investigated systematically. The ensemble exhibits a range of different ENSO behaviour in terms of the amplitude and sp...

BACKGROUND The mosquito-borne dengue viruses are a major public health problem throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Changes in temperature and precipitation have well-defined roles in the transmission cycle and may thus play a role in changing incidence levels. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a multiyear climate driver of local temperature and precipitation w...

The Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is an intrinsic coupled mode of variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. It has broad impacts on regional climate. An IOD index is defined as the difference between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies averaged over the western Indian Ocean (WIO, 50°–70°E, 10°S– 10°N) and eastern Indian Ocean (EIO, 90°– 110°E, 10°S–Eq.). An important issue in the studies of IOD...

Recent developments in Tropical Atlantic Variability (TAV) identify the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as one of the leading factors in the interannual climate variability of the basin. An ENSO event results in Tropicwide anomalies in the atmospheric circulation that have a direct effect on precipitation variability, as well as an indirect effect, that is, one mediated by sea surface tempe...

BACKGROUND Plague, a zoonosis caused by Yersinia pestis, is found in Asia and the Americas, but predominantly in Africa, with the island of Madagascar reporting almost one third of human cases worldwide. Plague's occurrence is affected by local climate factors which in turn are influenced by large-scale climate phenomena such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The effects of ENSO on re...

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) induces climate anomalies around the globe. Atmospheric general circulation model simulations are used to investigate how ENSO-induced teleconnection patterns during boreal winter might change in response to global warming in the Pacific–North American sector. As models disagree on changes in the amplitude and spatial pattern of ENSO in response to global war...

The lower Colorado River basin is located in an area of known El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence. A streamflow forecast is developed using Pacific Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) as predictors in addition to a traditional ENSO predictor, such as the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Significant regions of SST influence on streamflow were determined using linear correlations (LC...

The interaction between tropical Atlantic variability and El Ni~ no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated using three ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model integrations. The integrations are forced by specifying observed sea surface temperature (SST) variability over a forcing domain. The forcing domain is the global ocean for the rst ensemble, limited to the tropical ocean f...

The existence of quasi-decadal variability in the Pacific sector climate (e.g., Latif and Barnett 1994, 1996; Mantua et al. 1997; Minobe 1997) has important implications for long-range climate prediction in North America. The spatial manifestations in climate variables around the North Pacific sector associated with the North Pacific oscillation (NPO) are qualitatively similar to those of ENSO....