This paper tries to demonstrate the importance of non-economic exogenous factors (Underlying Energy Demand Trend) when we estimate the industrial energy demand for Iran. The Structural Time Series Model (STSM) approach is used to model these unobservable factors. The Kalman filter and Maximum Likelihood methods allow us to estimate the value of the UEDT. This approach enables us to obtain more ...

 In this paper, the Schrodinger equation for a quantum wire is solved using a finite difference approach. A new aspect in this work is plotting wave function on cross section of rectangular cross-sectional wire in two dimensions, periodically. It is found that the correct eigen energies occur when wave functions have a complete symmetry. If the value of eigen energy has a small increase or decr...