OBJECTIVES To identify measurements that may help intra-operative localisation of the sphenopalatine foramen. DESIGN The study used three-dimensional surgical navigation software to study radiological anatomy, in order to define the distances and angulations between identifiable bony landmarks and the sphenopalatine foramen. RESULTS The distance from the anterior nasal spine to the sphenopa...

The origin of nerve fibers to the rat middle cerebral artery was studied by retrograde tracing with the fluorescent tracer True Blue (TB) in combination with immunocytochemistry to known perivascular peptides. Application of TB to the middle cerebral artery labeled nerve cell bodies in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion, the otic ganglion, the sphenopalatine ganglion, the trigeminal gan...

OBJECTIVE To describe the anatomy of the sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) region and possible anatomical variations. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study accomplished from September, 2006, to January, 2007. METHODS The sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) of 61 cadavers were carefully dissected. Presence of the ethmoidal crest, location of sphenopalatine and accessory foramens, and the number of arterial bra...

BACKGROUND The anatomical structures of anterior area of sphenoid sinus are observed by CT reconstruction of radiographic images in some studies. However, the detailed anatomic information of the extended transsphenoidal approach is still incomplete. METHOD Fifteen cases (30 sides) of adult cadaveric skulls and 20 cases (40 sides) of bleached adult dry skulls were observed and measured under ...