Vitamin B12 deficiency can present with various hematological, gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations. We report a case of elderly female who presented with neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency where the final work-up revealed polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS). This case suggests that, although POEMS syndrome is a rare entit...

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common comorbidity of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) and plays an important role in morbidity and death of patients with uncontrolled hypercortisolism. Some authors define DM in CS as a ‘specific type of diabetes secondary to endocrinopathy’, although others judge it as a classical form of type 2 DM. Glucocorticoid (GC) excess causes pancreatic beta cell dysfunct...

POEMS (peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, skin changes) syndrome is a rare multisystem paraneoplastic disorder. A 40-year-old male with a history of peripheral neuropathy and erectile dysfunction presented with a pathological fracture of the neck of the femur, found to be a solitary plasmacytoma. Additional unusual features included splenomegaly, hyperprolactinaemia...

Hereditary hyperparathyroidism, occurring as an isolated endocrinopathy was first described by Goldman and Smyth in 1936. They described primary hyperparathyroidism in two siblings. Jackson and Boonstra (1967) collected 21 families with 107 hyperparathyroid members from the literature, including eight unrelated families of their own, all discovered in a single centre over a 10-year period. This...

This case report describes a young woman who presented with slowly progressing weakness of the proximal limb muscles and slight decrease of muscle tone but otherwise unremarkable neurological history. Diagnostic workup revealed fatty degeneration of the girdle muscles and an excessive increase of the parathyroid hormone as a result of severe vitamin D deficiency. Secondary hyperparathyroidism w...

POEMS syndrome is a multisystem disorder associated with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, a monoclonal protein (M-protein), and skin changes. The authors describe a patient with POEMS syndrome who had osteosclerotic myeloma confirmed by open bone biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed discrete lesions of low signal intensity in both T1 and T2-weighted images. This patient ...

This case report describes a young woman who presented with slowly progressing weakness of the proximal limb muscles and slight decrease of muscle tone but otherwise unremarkable neurological history. Diagnostic workup revealed fatty degeneration of the girdle muscles and an excessive increase of the parathyroid hormone as a result of severe vitamin D deficiency. Secondary hyperparathyroidism w...

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs but is rare in cats. Lymphocytic thyroiditis and idiopathic thyroid atrophy are common causes of this condition. Specific thyroid function tests, in conjunction with clinical signs and physical examination findings, are used to help confirm a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. This disease can be managed with synthetic hormone supplementation and has ...