Mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma (MAEC) of the pancreas is extremely uncommon. We report here a rare case of MAEC of the pancreas presenting as watery diarrhea. This is the first report in the English-language literature that describes the imaging findings of MAEC of the pancreas, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and MR cholangiopancreatography features.

Within the developing pancreas Hepatic Nuclear Factor 6 (HNF6) directly activates the pro-endocrine transcription factor, Ngn3. HNF6 and Ngn3 are each essential for endocrine differentiation and HNF6 is also required for embryonic duct development. Most HNF6(-/-) animals die as neonates, making it difficult to study later aspects of HNF6 function. Here, we describe, using conditional gene inact...

A 71-year-old woman had an episode of syncope due to hypoglycemia of 27 mg/dl. She was diagnosed with insulinoma and scheduled for laparoscopic enucleation along with the use of an artificial endocrine pancreas (STG-22, Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil. Her blood glucose level was controlled using the artificial endocrine pancreas, wh...

All pancreatic cell types (endocrine, exocrine, and ductal) are derived from the same endodermal dorsal and ventral anlage, which grow together to form the definitive pancreas. Golosow and Grobstein were pioneers in the field of pancreatic developmental research, as were Wessells and Cohen, who already in the 1960s performed classic embryological experiments describing the morphogenesis of the ...

Hedgehogs (Hhs) are intercellular signaling molecules that regulate tissue patterning in mammalian development. Mammalian Hhs include Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert hedgehog (Dhh). The absence of Shh expression is required for the early development of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, but whether Hh signaling functions in the fully developed adult endocrine pancreas ...

CONTEXT Ligation of the pancreatic duct, distally to its confluence into the bile duct has been shown to induce endocrine tissue regeneration. The surplus endocrine tissue formed is presumed to be able to replace pathologically and/or experimentally compromised tissue. OBJECTIVE This is a quantitative study on the histology of duct ligated pancreas employing immunocytochemistry and computeris...

The relentless nature and increasing prevalence of human pancreatic diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus and adenocarcinoma, has motivated further understanding of pancreas organogenesis. The pancreas is a multifunctional organ whose epithelial cells govern a diversity of physiologically vital endocrine and exocrine functions. The mechanisms governing the birth, differentiation, morphogen...

• To recognize the etiologies and clinical manifestations of endocrine crises involving the pancreas, thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands • To review the optimal confirmatory laboratory tests for these disorders in the acute care setting • To delineate the initial treatment for each specific endocrine emergency • To cover important pearls and selected caveats related to the diagnosis and man...

OBJECTIVE The blood perfusion of pancreatic islets is highly variable and tightly regulated by the blood glucose concentration. Thus, oxygen levels are considered crucial for islet metabolism and function. Although islet oxygenation has been extensively studied in vitro, little is known about it in vivo. The current study aimed to investigate the oxygenation of the endocrine pancreas in vivo. ...