Asymmetric information is a major problem in e-commerce transactions as it gives rise to adverse selection and moral hazard problems. Reputation mechanisms provide a solution to this problem by discouraging fraudulent behavior and encouraging honest behavior of participants in the uncertain and un-trusted environment of e-market. This paper discusses trust and reputation relationships, and high...

Children and adolescents are often involved in sports in which weight loss or weight gain is perceived as an advantage. This policy statement describes unhealthy weight-control practices that may be harmful to the health and/or performance of athletes. Healthy methods of weight loss and weight gain are discussed, and physicians are given resources and recommendations that can be used to counsel...

Various types of renewable electricity policies exist both at the federal and state levels. They are designed to directly or indirectly incentivize producers and consumers of renewable electricity. The existence of renewable electricity policies can be explained by the market failure theory. Without proper government intervention, renewable electricity would be underprovided due to positive ext...

Evidence suggests little informed giving. To understand this behavior, we examine a model of charitable giving with costly information. We find that an individual who considers a smaller contribution is less likely to seek information, and thus the percentage of informed giving diminishes as the population grows. We also find that a direct grant to the charity exacerbates crowding-out by discou...

An inter-governmental body is encouraging the replacement of currency with the objective of discouraging illegal economic activities. This policy is analyzed in a searchtheoretic model where individuals choose legal or illegal production, settle trades via monetary or costly intermediated exchange, and where the government imperfectly monitors monetary transactions. Stationary monetary equilibr...

Nevertheless, this change has not been complete in any area, even in the field of psychotherapy. Methods of dealing with people, of human relations, appear to be divisible into two major types which are in conflict with each other. This division and conflict seem to exist in each field of human relations. Gordon (1955, chap. 2) analyzes the two approaches in terms of two conflicting views of th...

was attempting to diminish barriers by encouraging patients to visit the town, and townspeople to visit the hospital. (The admission and discharge rate from and to the town, though small, was valuable in this respect.) It seemed too discouraging to ask any person or small group to visit and help 850 hospital patients, but we were thinking of our patients in the institutional mass. By breaking i...