estimation of the magnitude and frequency of maximum instantaneous discharges and hydrographs are used for a variety of purposes, such as the design of bridges, culverts, flood-control structures; and the management and regulation of floodplains. fuller (1914), developed a flood-frequency formula based on analysis of flood peaks in hundred of streams to provide simple methods of estimating maxi...

the most precise and simple method of evaporation measurement is application of pans in which class a pan is used in iran. in contrast, there are many empirical methods which are used for estimating the evapotraspiration. in this study, thornthwaite method was used due to the simplicity of its parameters and then we tried to use it for evaluating evapotranspiration by changing it's paramet...

The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Abstract Hydrodynamic lift forces offer a convenient way to manipulate particles in microfluidic applications, but there is little quantitative information on how non-inertial lift mechanisms act and compete with each other in the confined space of microfluidic channels. ...

The industry standard for pricing an interest-rate caplet is Black’s formula. Another distinct price of the same caplet can be derived using a quantum field theory model of the forward interest rates. An empirical study is carried out to compare the two caplet pricing formulae. Historical volatility and correlation of forward interest rates are used to generate the field theory caplet price; an...

Preamble van't Hoff, a world-renowned scientist, studied and worked on the osmotic pressure and chemical dynamics research to win the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry. For more than a century, his osmotic pressure formula has been written in the physical chemistry textbooks around the world and has been generally considered to be "impeccable" classical theory. But after years of research authors ...

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of ultrasonographic estimates of testicular volume with true testicular volume and to compare the accuracy and precision of the three most commonly utilized formulas. A total of 15 patients underwent high-resolution ultrasonography (US) analysis for testicular volume before orchiectomy. Testicular volume was calculated using three common fo...

BACKGROUND An ecological flow network is a weighted directed graph in which the nodes are species, the edges are "who eats whom" relationships and the weights are rates of energy or nutrient transferred between species. Allometric scaling is a ubiquitous feature for flow systems such as river basins, vascular networks and food webs. METHODOLOGY The "ecological network analysis" can serve to r...

In functional linear regression, the slope “parameter” is a function. Therefore, in a nonparametric context, it is determined by an infinite number of unknowns. Its estimation involves solving an illposed problem and has points of contact with a range of methodologies, including statistical smoothing and deconvolution. The standard approach to estimating the slope function is based explicitly o...

NAL-NL1, the first procedure from the National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL) for prescribing nonlinear gain, was a purely theoretically derived formula aimed at maximizing speech intelligibility for any input level of speech while keeping the overall loudness of speech at or below normal loudness. The formula was obtained through an optimization process in which speech intelligibility and loudnes...

The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) retrieval technique consists of calculating the eigenvectors of the spectra to later perform a linear regression between these and the atmospheric states, this first step is known as training. At a later stage, known as performing the retrievals, atmospheric profiles are derived from measured atmospheric radiances. When EOF retrievals are trained with a s...