Our goal in the present study was to understand how emoticons are used in text messaging and, in particular, how genders differed in the frequency and variety of emoticons used via this medium. Previous research has found small and sundry differences in emotive expression online suggesting that technology has closed the gender gap. However, the data collected in these studies were public. In th...

The BARTA (Bolton Affect Recognition Tri-Stimulus Approach) is a unique database comprising over 400 colour images of the universally recognised basic emotional expressions and is the first compilation to include three different classes of validated face stimuli; emoticon, computer-generated cartoon and photographs of human faces. The validated tri-stimulus collection (all images received ≥70% ...

Mobile instant messaging is the communication technology revolution that is changing the way people communicate. The adoption rate is surging and the massive growth is experienced worldwide. Prior studies in instant messaging has been primarily concerned with its task relevant or functional aspects, with less attention on social interaction aspects. Drawing from media richness theory, present r...

In this paper, we look at the problem of robust detection of a very productive class of Asian style emoticons, known as facemarks or kaomoji. We demonstrate the frequency and productivity of these sequences in social media such as Twitter. Previous approaches to detection and analysis of kaomoji have placed limits on the range of phenomena that could be detected with their method, and have look...

Individuals who suffer from schizophrenia comprise I percent of the United States population and are four times more likely to die of suicide than the general US population. Identification of at-risk individuals with schizophrenia is challenging when they do not seek treatment. Microblogging platforms allow users to share their thoughts and emotions with the world in short snippets of text. In ...

Emoticons are widely used to compensate for the lack of nonverbal elements in communication process. Extant literature focuses on benefits using emoticons a computer-mediated (CMC) context, whereas this research aimed investigate influence new product evaluation and explore potential boundary condition emoticon use. A user guide was designed examine effect knowledge acquisition context. The res...

For the business communication by email with cellular phones, it has an important weak point. That is to hard to tell to be utterance speed and the pitch of sounds involved in the sentences, because it communicate by letters only. Emoticons are often used to make up for this weak point. This paper describes techniques to predict emotions of sentences in Japanese emails and give an emoticon to e...