Reduced water availability and environmental pollution caused by nitrogen (N) losses have increased the need for rational management of irrigation and N fertilization in horticultural systems. Decision support systems (DSS) could be powerful tools to assist farmers to improve irrigation and N fertilization efficiency. Currently, fertilization by drip irrigation system (fertigation) is used for ...

Drip irrigation has become an application trend of water-saving technology due to its excellent water-use efficiency. However, the energy dissipation form commonly used labyrinth channel is relatively simple, and corresponding mechanism research inadequate. This article proposes a new kind structure drip emitters based on scalariform perforation plates in plant xylem vessels. We establish total...

Agricultural productivity in irrigated areas depends on several factors, including the design and maintenance of irrigation systems. Excessive or insufficient applications water affect plant growth development, hence agricultural productivity. For this reason, evaluation system is essential to avoid loss during application. This study aimed evaluate efficiency uniformity a subsurface drip sugar...

Purpose: to determine dependencies and develop a methodology for calculating the geometric dimensions constructing outline of local moisture contours formed in soil space during drip irrigation. Materials methods. The factual basis development was data full-scale (field) measurements drip-moistened their office processing. studies were carried out on experimental sites with different cover, rep...

Microfabricated electron emitters have been studied for half a century for their promising applications in vacuum electronics. However, tunable microfabricated electron emitters with fast temporal response and controllable electron emission still proves challenging. Here, we report the scaling down of thermionic emitters to the microscale using microfabrication technologies and a Joule-heated m...

Intense terahertz em itters are one of the most important components of terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy systems. In this presented report, the development of THz emitters over the last two decades is reviewed, and an outlook for future THz emitters is given. The physical principle behind the THz generation process is discussed for two types of emitters: state-of-the-art large-area phot...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the radionuclides and radiochemical impurities included in radiosynthesis processes of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. METHODS Target materials and PET tracers were produced using a cyclotron/synthesis system from Sumitomo Heavy Industry. Positron and γ-ray emitting radionuclides were quantified by measuring radioactivity decay and using the high-purity Ge d...

the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of free residual chlorine in the effluent at different concentrations of chlorine injection, between 50 to 350 ppm, at the ph levels of 6, 6.5 and 7 and the effect of chlorination on ph, electrical conductivity and the concentration of total dissolved solids in drinking water and effluent. the results showed that the concentration of free...

One key factor that limits resolution of single-molecule superresolution microscopy relates to the localization accuracy of the activated emitters, which is usually deteriorated by two factors. One originates from the background noise due to out-of-focus signals, sample auto-fluorescence, and camera acquisition noise; and the other is due to the low photon count of emitters at a single frame. W...