Land Surface temperature (LST) is a key magnitude for numerous studies, especially for climatology and assessment of energy fluxes between surface and atmosphere. Retrieval of accurate LST requires a good characterization of surface emissivity. Both quantities are coupled in a single radiance measurement; for this reason, for N spectral bands available in a remote sensor, there will always be N...

The excess microwave emissivity of the ocean surface due to winds at nadir incidence is derived from the TOPEX microwave radiometer and altimeter together with ocean surface data. The sensitivity of emissivity to wind speed is found to depend strongly on the air–sea temperature difference.

[1] Infrared (IR) land surface emissivity (LSE) with a high temporal and spatial resolution is very important for deriving other products using IR radiance measurements as well as assimilating IR radiances in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models over land. Retrieved from various satellite instruments, many LSE databases are available for operational and research use. Most are updated only ...

Clouds play a key role on the radiation budget of the Earth. However, several sources of uncertainties affect the ability to detect cloud presence from passive satellite measurements, especially in the polar regions. In fact, cloud detection in polar regions is complicated by the following aspects:  little thermal and visible contrast between clouds and snow/ice surface  persistence of atmosp...

In the TORPEX A. Fasoli et al., Phys. Plasmas 13, 055902 2006 , a simple magnetized plasma device, low frequency electrostatic fluctuations associated with interchange waves, are routinely measured by means of extensive sets of Langmuir probes. To complement the electrostatic probe measurements of plasma turbulence and study of plasma structures smaller than the spatial resolution of probes arr...

in this research, the coupling between non-gray radiation and separation convection flow in a duct is investigated numerically. distributions of absorption coefficients across the spectrum  are obtained from the hitran2008 database. the full-spectrum k-distribution method is used to deal with the non-gray part of the problem, while the gray radiation calculations are performed using the planck ...

111 The 3D visualization activity is implemented in software using the Open Inventor environment with the Silicon Graphics hardware technology. Textures can be realized through the use of three-component texture maps that include rgb values to specify characteristics in the texture coordinate (s,t) plane. In summary, this paper addresses the use of thermal imaging for 3D object characterization...