Cathodoluminescence (CL) is light emitting phenomena induced by high energy electrons incident on materials. The CL is sometimes defined as light emission caused by the inner electronic transition between the electronic states or bands associated with excitation by the incident electron beam. The typical one is the radiative recombination of carriers in semiconductors, such as the band to band ...

tellurium nanostructures have been prepared by physical vapor deposition method in a tube furnace. the experiments were carried out under argon gas flow at a pressure of 1 mbar. tellurium powder was evaporated by heating at 350°c and 430°c and was condensed on substrates at 110–250°c, in the downstream of argon gas flow. the products were characterized by field emission scanning electron micros...

Nine cases of adolescent back pain show that a diagnosis of spondylolysis cannot be made on physical examination alone and that single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning revealed pars interarticularis stress lesions undiagnosable on planar technetium-99 bone scan. As management of spondylolysis differs from other lumbar dysfunctional problems SPECT scanning of children should ...

Positron emission tomography using fluorine-18 (FDG-PET) is increasingly used in the staging and follow-up of malignant lymphomas, although its precise role has not yet been determined. This review considers the results reported at the different stages in the disease history and separately considers the major histological subtypes. Attention is given to the situations in which PET scanning is m...

The problems encountered with the interpretation of martensite and the various forms of bainite that are found in high strength steel weld metals have been addressed. Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy was found to overcome resolution difficulties often met with light optical microscopy and conventional scanning electron microscopy. The various microstructural constituents were cha...

Mechanisms responsible for the contrast between differently doped areas in semiconductors, which is observed in electron micrographs, is discussed as regards the key factors determining the sign and magnitude of the contrast. Experimental data obtained by means of the scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning low energy electron microscope and photoelectron emission microscope are reviewed t...

This article discusses the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) scanning techniques used for the detection and staging of renal cell carcinoma and their pitfalls. Comparison between the Robson and recent modifications to the TNM classifications is also addressed. The accuracy of CT and MR in the staging of renal cell carcinoma and the role of positron emission tomography (PET) s...

In order to confirm the accuracy of ECT (emission computed tomography) scanning imaging in the diagnosis of lung histoplasmosis is higher than CT (computed tomography) scan. We retrospect a lung histoplasmosis patient, he was examined by the CT scan and ECT scanning, respectively. Results showed that lung cancer for CT diagnosis and large benign lesions for F-FDG (F-fluorodeoxyglucose) ECT diag...