the effectiveness of any drug supply systems in providing a trustworthy supply of essential drugs is a critical issue. to evaluate this effectiveness, it is necessary to watch over the status of the essential medicines in any country impartially and continuously. some countries and also the world health organization (who) have codified a list of minimum medicines needed for a basic health care ...

background & aim: the use of medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who do not want to use allopathic drugs under certified organic programs or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs for minor health problems of livestock. thus, the main aim of this study is the identification of some ethnoveterinary medicinal plants of tehran watershed and their medicinal effects on livestock. ...

results this study showed that the existence of unused drugs and the number of unused drugs in household have significant difference in four zones (p = 0.01, p < 0.001). also, health insurance coverage was statistically different in various health centers (p = 0.002). also, there is a significant association between unused medication in the household and family size, father’s occupation, and a ...

in 2002, david alexander wrote principles of emergency planning and management. long a standard reference work in that book he described the processes of preparing for and responding to disasters, crises, and civil contingencies. he based the work on principles because he wanted to dissociate it from any particular system of emergency management. then, as now, many books in this subject are tie...

: Hospitalized patients require the use of a variety of drugs, many of which individually or in combination have the potential to cause kidney damage. The use of potentially nephrotoxic drugs is often unavoidable, and the need for dose adjustment should be evaluated. This study is aimed at assessing concordance in information on drug-induced nephrotoxicity and dose adjustment recommendations by...

BACKGROUND To prevent medical accidents, users must be informed of the cautions written in medical package inserts. To realize countermeasures by utilizing information systems, we must also implement a drug information database. However, this is not easy to develop, since the descriptions in package inserts are too complex and their information poorly structured. It is necessary to analyze pack...

BACKGROUND A fundamental debate in the transition towards universal health coverage concerns whether to establish an explicit health benefits package to which all citizens are entitled, and the level of detail in which to specify that package. At one extreme, the treatments to be funded, and the circumstances in which patients qualify for the treatment, might be specified in great detail, and b...

Globally, the annual number of new infections among children (0-14 years) has almost halved since 2010 with a 47% reduction in new HIV cases.1 Since 1995, an estimated 1.6 million new HIV infections among children have been averted due to the provision of antiretroviral medicines (ARVs) to women living with HIV during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The vast majority of these infections (1.3 milli...

The current standards for meeting drug information (DI) requirements in American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)-accredited pharmacy practice residency (PPR) programs and the impact of changes in ASHP standards for the DI requirements were studied. In September 2002 a nine-question survey was e-mailed to the directors of all ASHP-accredited PPR programs listed with an available e-ma...

The selection of medicines is a skilled process that produces an essential medicines list (EML) and substantiates rational management of pharmaceutical services. This paper presents the selection of essential medicines in Brazilian states and municipalities. It discusses the perception of pharmaceutical services managers regarding the concept of essential medicines and strategies adopted for th...