one of the main problems in the quality control of rivers is the high control cost imposed upon pollutant units. the cooperative policy approach in the treatment process between two or more pollutant units is a new and economic perspective in the environmental management of catchment basins. origins of large amounts pollutants which require a high cost to control pollution are trying to start p...

We briefly describe an approach to extend the Ant Colony System by a group recruitment strategy. The underlying idea is very similar to the behavior of real ants, which use e.g. tandem-techniques to guide each other to large food sources. General investigations with small and medium sized colonies have shown that such strategies in combination with mass recruitment (pheromones) increase the foo...

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In this paper, optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using Global Positioning System (GPS) is discussed. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used for this problem. Pheromone evaporation coefficient and the probability of moving from state x to state y by ant are introduced into the ACO. The modifi...

Two ant algorithms solving a simplified version of a typical university course timetabling problem are presented – Ant Colony System and MAX -MIN Ant System. The algorithms are tested over a set of instances from three classes of the problem. Results are compared with recent results obtained with several metaheuristics using the same local search routine (or neighborhood definition), and a refe...

Abstract Systems of higher education are usually divided into elite, mass, and universal, depending on the proportion of young people who attend college. Human experts perceive a system as elite is less than 15% of young people of the 18–21 age group attend college, and as universal if more than 40% of young people of this age group attend college. The corresponding 15% and 40% thresholds are, ...

In this paper, we report on the use of ant systems in the data mining field capable of extracting comprehensible classifiers from data. The ant system used is a MAX -MIN ant system which differs from the originally proposed ant systems in its ability to explore bigger parts of the solution space, yielding better performing rules. Furthermore, we are able to include intervals in the rules result...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical performance of the Glucometer Elite XL Diabetes Care System in neonatal settings using a multicenter study RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 388 blood specimens from 333 neonates were included in the study. A capillary or arterial sample was analyzed for determination of glucose with the Glucometer Elite XL system by an attending trained nurse. Through ...

Although elite styles are important to the formation of generalised dress styling trends, the elite fashions that appear in the mass media are inaccessible to most consumers. When people buy new mass produced clothing, they choose necessarily from the limited range of styles available in nearby retail stores that are also within their income-based price threshold. In turn, the styles available ...