In the past decades, the inappropriate subsidy policies in many nations have caused problems such as serious oversupply, fierce competition and subpar social welfare in the photovoltaic (PV) industry in many nations. There is a clear shortage in the PV industry literature regarding how dual supply chains compete and the key decision issues regarding the competition between dual PV supply chains...

Enhanced environmental quality, fuel security, and economic development along with reduced prices of ethanol–gasoline blends are often used as justifications for the U.S. federal excise tax exemption on ethanol fuels. However, the possible effect of increased overall consumption of fuel in response to lower total price, mitigating the environmental and fuel security benefits, are generally not ...

The Nutrition North Canada program is a federal retail subsidy designed to make nutritious, perishable food more widely available and affordable in northern communities. Implemented in April 2011, Nutrition North replaced the Food Mail freight subsidy long used to offset the high cost of transporting perishable food to remote towns and villages lacking year-round road access. An examination of ...

Abstract Decades of negotiation to extend the GATT/WTO system address subsidies have never produced sort uniform, scheduled rules that apply tariffs or even services. Instead, WTO members developed demarcate permissible and impermissible subsidies. In this paper, I argue approach is now hampered by shifts in share global trade away from geopolitically aligned, wealthy states growth supply chain...

Forestry ecological projects have a huge impact on the living standard of forest farmers. Thus, information channels forest farmers choose to know about the information of these projects have great importance. The purpose of this study is to find out the main factors that influencing the adoption of these information channels of forest farmers in Western China. Rough set theory is used to solve...

In this paper we appraise current agricultural subsidy policy in the EU. Several sources of its inefficiency are identified: it is inefficient for supporting farmers' incomes or guaranteeing food security, and irrational transfer payments decoupled from actual performance that may be negative for environmental protection, social cohesion, etc. Based on a simplified economic model, we prove that...

‘e debate on corporate tax reform in the U.S. have included arguments for a ‘border adjustment tax’ that would e‚ectively raise the tax on imported inputs and provide a subsidy to exports. ‘is policy is equivalent to other uniform border taxes such as a combined import tari‚ and export subsidy and a uniform value added tax and payroll subsidy. In this note I argue that contrary to popular argum...