The covariant regularization of the contributions of fundamental particles to the vacuum energy density is implemented in the Pauli-Villars, dimensional regularization, and Feynman regulator frameworks. Rules of correspondence between dimensional regularization and cutoff calculations are discussed. Invoking the scale invariance of free field theories in the massless limit, as well as consisten...

We propose a possible answer to one of the most exciting open questions in physics and cosmology, that is the question why we seem to experience four-dimensional space-time with three ordinary and one time dimensions. Making assumptions (such as particles being in first approximation massless) about the equations of motion, we argue for restrictions on the number of space and time dimensions. (...

Elementary particle scatterings and decays in presence of a background magnetic field are very common in physics, specially after the observation that the core of the neutron stars can sustain a magnetic field of the order of 10 G. The important point about these calculations is that they are done in a background of a gauge field and as a result the calculations are prone to gauge arbitrariness...

In a space of d Grassmann coordinates two types of generators of Lorentz transformations can be defined, one of spinorial and the other of vectorial character. Both kinds of operators appear as linear operators in Grassmann space, definig the fundamental and the adjoint representations of the group SO(1, d−1), respectively. The eigenvalues of commuting operators belonging to the subgroup (SO(1,...

Uniting the usually distinct areas of particle physics and quantum field theory, gravity and general relativity, this expansive and comprehensive textbook of fundamental and theoretical physics describes the quest to consolidate the basic building blocks of nature, by journeying through contemporary discoveries in the field, and analyzing elementary particles and their interactions. Designed fo...

In this paper it has been tried to propose a hypothesis for Universe life cycle from its birth to death along with a cyclic view into its rebirth referring to the concept of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, Spiral Structure of Galaxies and Spiral Structure of Elementary Particles. It has been tried to inherit the behaviour of Big Bang in consensus with the proposals of Steady State Cosmol...

The recent model of Quantum Mechanical Black Holes is discussed and its implications for cosmology, particle structure, low dimensionality and other issues are examined. 1 The ”Ganesha” Quantum Mechanical Black Hole Model It was shown in a previous communication that a typical elementary particle, the electron can be considered to be what was termed a Quantum Mechanical Black Hole (or QMBH), ma...

The discovery of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in 1964 by Penzias and Wilson led to the establishment of the hot big-bang cosmological model some ten years later. Discoveries made in 1998 may ultimately have as profound an effect on our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe. Taken at face value, they confirm the basic tenets of Inflation + Cold Dark Matter, a bold an...

The origin of the large scale structure in the universe — galaxies, quasars, clusters, voids, sheets — is one of the most important questions in cosmology. One can show that some non-thermal energy density fluctuations must have been present in the early universe. These fluctuations grew by gravitational instability to form the observed structures. There are at present two families of models to...

In 1954, Yang and Mills founded the non-Abel gauge field theory [1 ]. Since then, the gauge field theory has developed greatly, and has been widely applied to elementary particle theory. Now, we believe that, four kinds of fundamental interactions in nature are all gauge interactions and can be described by gauge field theories. It is generally believed that the principle of local gauge invaria...