empowering employees in specialized and general qualifications fields is required for urban management organization (tehran municipality). planning and establishment of comprehensive system of electronic learning is considered the main goal of human resource and educational managers. . this study tried to investigate the feasibility and execution of electronic learning courses for in-service st...

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A new system for the ultrafast characterization of resistive switching phenomenon is developed to acquire the current during the Set and Reset process in a microsecond time scale. A new electronic circuit has been developed as a part of the main setup system, which is capable of (i) applying a hardware current limit ranging from nanoampers up to miliampers and (ii) converting the Set and Reset ...

Optical Cross-Connects (OXCs) are gaining an increasing importance in high-capacity wavelength-division multiplexing networks. In this work we propose a theoretical approach for the analysis and design of these optical-switching systems. Our method is based on a space-switching equivalent representation which allows to easily classify a general OXC architecture, identify its blocking properties...

We address the idle speed control problem in automotive electronics using hybrid methods to derive a digital control law with guaranteed properties. Associating a switching system with the hybrid system that describes the engine operation is crucial to developing a computationally feasible approach. For switching systems with minimum and maximum dwell times and controlled resets, we are able to...

The notion of switching system generalizes the idea of a `diierential equa-tion': a switching system consists of a number of modes (e.g., diierential equations) together with a set of switching rules. Such systems arise in mod-eling thermostats (and other devices involving`hysteresis'), in considering the evolution of a multimodal (variable structure) system for which`feedback control' has been...

Electronic energy flow in an isolated molecular system involves coupling between the electronic and nuclear subsystems, and the coupled system evolves to a statistical mixture of pure states. In semiclassical theories, nuclear motion is treated using classical mechanics, and electronic motion is treated as an open quantal system coupled to a "bath" of nuclear coordinates. We have previously sho...

This paper proposes fluorescent electronic ballast with high power factor and low line input current harmonics. The system performance can be improved by a charged pump circuit. Details of design and circuit operation are described. The proposed electronic ballast is modified from single stage half bridge class D electronic ballast by adding capacitor parallel with each power switch and setting...

The fulfillment of wide variety in energy demand by growing industries and incorporation of renewable energy source in power system is made possible by multilevel inverter. From design prospective it is also important to take care of losses took place in inverter i.e. switching and conduction losses in addition to the modulation techniques which look after harmonic spectrum in output voltage/cu...