Currently, the majority of clinical trial sites in the United States use paper cheques as their primary method of payment, although it is proven that this process requires far higher administrative costs and yields lower subject retention rates than electronic payments. This payment preference persists despite recent data that approximately 25% of the American adult population does not have a b...

-E-Commerce offers the banking industry great opportunity, but also creates a set of new risks and vulnerability such as security threats. Information security, therefore, is an essential management and technical requirement for any efficient and effective Payment transaction activities over the internet. Still, its definition is a complex endeavor due to the constant technological and business...

Anonymity features of electronic payment systems are important for protecting privacy in an electronic world. However, complete anonymity prevents monitoring financial transactions and following the money trail, which are important tools for fighting serious crimes. To solve these type of problems several “escrowed cash” systems, that allow a “Trustee” to trace electronic money, were suggested....

Indonesia has 235.53 million Muslim population, making up 86.88% of the country's total population. In this regard, an online zakat financial instrument is helpful to ensure equal income and alleviate poverty. This study aims examine effectiveness electronic payment factors optimizing payment. systematic literature review examines articles in a structured manner. The data sources were secondary...

In December 1997, the Bank of Japan established the Forum on the Development of Electronic Payment Technologies and Its Implications for Monetary Policy. The objectives of the forum were to analyze the emergence of electronic means of payment including electronic money and its implications for monetary policy. The forum has met eight times and discussed a number of issues. This report summarize...

Companies are not going to invest into the development of innovative applications or services unless these can be charged for appropriately. Thus, the existence of standardized and widely accepted mobile payment procedures is crucial for successful business-to-customer mobile commerce. The acceptance of mobile payment procedures depends on costs, security and convenience issues. For the latter,...

This note considers the application of electronic cash to transactions in which many small amounts must be paid to the same payee and in which it is not possible to just pay the total amount afterwards. The most notable example of such a transaction is payment for phone calls. If currently published electronic cash systems are used and a full payment protocol is executed for each of the small a...

Legal notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. Abstract The first Background paper of the Electronic Payment Systems Observatory (ePSO) identifies the strategic and technical issues that will be discussed in the ePSO Forum – an online discussion group consisting of paymen...

In this paper we review a secure electronic payment system for Internet transaction. The electronic payment system is to be secure for Internet transaction participants such as Payment gateway server, Bank sever and Merchant server. The security architecture of the system is designed by using Many Security Protocols and techniques, which eliminates the fraud that occurs today with stolen credit...