The art of cryptography is considered to be born along with the art of writing. As civilizations evolved, human beings got organized in tribes, groups, and kingdoms. This led to the emergence of ideas such as power, battles, supremacy, and politics. These ideas further fueled the natural need of people to communicate secretly with selective recipient which in turn ensured the continuous evoluti...

The "law and finance theory" predicts that the common law system provides the best basis for financial development and economic growth, followed by Scandinavian and German origin civil law and finally French origin civil law. Referring to a number of sceptical views, this paper argues that the theory faces an identification problem, since the majority of common law countries have a market-based...

Based on the observation of the E-commerce management practice in other countries in the world, this essay intends to discuss the general principles of E-commerce management, including market orientation, government facilitation, international coordination, establishment of focal points of development, consistency and cultivation of talented personnel. It also attempts to analyze the challenges...

The explosive growth of electronic commerce transactions in recent years has added fuel to efforts to harmonize international commercial law. Organizations such as the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and the Hague Conference on Private International Law are all participating in an emerging...

This paper puts forward the view that the life-cycle model of system development has been allowed to make the transition from a useful intellectual tool for discussing specific aspects of the process to a definitive statement of what the process actually “is”. We argue that this hinders the discussion of Requirements Engineering in fundamental ways, and that challenges to the supremacy of this ...

of their peaceful island, which both threatened their ageing industrial supremacy and recalled to them the restive barbarians at the peripheries of their far-flung empire. Pick shows convincingly how British doctors and writers alike used a language which enabled them to deny simultaneously the existence of degeneration in their land (and therefore its cure by political means) yet identify and ...

The inclusion of pharmacists in the healthcare system of a developing country like Pakistan has always been a subject of debate among the healthcare professionals (HCPs), especially physicians, who have long ruled the healthcare system alone and who have had a long-held position of supremacy. The common argument against the inclusion of pharmacists is the dynamics of the healthcare system, and ...

Application of electronic commerce (e-commerce) technologies has increased notably over the past two decades in different business sectors. In particular, B2C operations have significantly improved productivity online small businesses such as SMEs. Systematic literature reviews this domain categorized different, benefits but a limited number studies on SME success from view information systems ...

Component-based e-commerce technology is a recent trend towards resolving the e-commerce challenge at both system and application levels. Instead of delivering a system as a prepackaged monolith system containing any conceivable feature, component-based systems consist of a lightweight kernel to which new features can be added in the form of components. In order to identify the central problems...