introduction: a considerable portion of patients with depressive disorders do not respond properly to medical treatment and need electroconvulsive therapy (ect). on the other hand, as some beneficial effects of ect are attributed to increase in thyroid hormones, levothyronin is used as an adjuvant prior to ect. the aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid function changes after ect. methods: t...

Background: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is an epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by drug-resistant multiple seizure types. The aim of this study was to determine if the adjunctive use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with LGS and drug-resistant epilepsy is efficacious in decreasing their seizure frequency and also to investigate its safety and tolerability.   Method...

The immense economic inequality we observe in the world today didn’t happen overnight, or even in the past century. It is the path dependent outcome of a multitude of historical processes, one of the most important of which has been European colonialism. Retracing our steps 500 years, or back to the verge of this colonial project, we see little inequality and small differences between poor and ...