Electric fields can be used to tune donor spins in silicon using the Stark shift, whereby the donor electron wave function is displaced by an electric field, modifying the hyperfine coupling between the electron spin and the donor nuclear spin. We present a technique based on dynamic decoupling of the electron spin to accurately determine the Stark shift, and illustrate this using antimony dono...

Gas-phase acidities of 15 aliphatic carboxylic acids, X CH -,COOH, have been calculated using the MNDO method. Among the substituted groups exist the electron donor alkyl groups and electron acceptor halogens. The average error in acidity is within the experimental uncertainty of the data. Systematic errors have been found for the substituents which form internal hydrogen bondings. A reaso...

Electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes are characterized by charge-transfer (CT) processes between electron-rich and electron-poor counterparts, typically resulting in a new absorption band at higher wavelength. In this paper, we report series of novel 2,6-di(imino)pyridine ligands with different aromatic substituents their 1:2 (metal/ligand) zinc(II) which the formation CT species is promoted...

Two classes of fullerene-based donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems containing donors of varying oxidation potentials have been synthesized. These systems include fullerenes linked to heteroaromatic donor groups (phenothiazine/phenoxazine) as well as substituted anilines (p-anisidine/p-toluidine). In contrast to the model compound, an efficient intramolecular electron transfer is observed from...

In the heavy fraction of deoxycholate-treated spinach chloroplasts the chlorophyll aII activity is high and the chlorophyll aI activity is low when no artificial electron donor is added. The addition of the photosystem I donor system N-methyl-phenazonium sulphate plus sodium ascorbate (PMS + Asc) leads to a complete reactivation of the chlorophyll aI reaction. The addition of the photosystem II...

Usually the rates for electron transfer (kET) decrease with increasing donor-acceptor distance, but Marcus theory predicts a regime in which kET is expected to increase when the transfer distance gets longer. Until recently, experimental evidence for such counter-intuitive behavior had been very limited, and consequently this effect is much less well-known than the Gaussian free energy dependen...

Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and other chloroethenes are major contaminants in groundwater, and PCE is particularly resistant to attack by aerobes. We have developed an anaerobic enrichment culture that carries out reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes to ethene at high rates, thereby detoxifying them. Although the electron donor added to the culture is methanol, our evidence indicates that H2 i...

We report Stark shift measurements for 121Sb donor electron spins in silicon using pulsed electron spin resonance. Interdigitated metal gates on a Sb-implanted 28Si epilayer are used to apply the electric fields. Two quadratic Stark effects are resolved: a decrease of the hyperfine coupling between electron and nuclear spins of the donor and a decrease in electron Zeeman g factor. The hyperfine...

Highly efficient hot electron transport represents one of the most important properties required for applications in photovoltaic devices. Whereas the fabrication of efficient hot electron capture and lost-cost devices remains a technological challenge, regulating the energy level of acceptor-donor system through the incorporation of foreign ions using the solution-processed technique is one of...

In this study, the effects of different cycle durations of an external electrostatic field on an anammox biomass were investigated. The total application time per day was 12 h at 2 V/cm for different cycle durations (i.e., continuous application-resting time) of 3 h-3 h, 6 h-6 h, and 12 h-12 h. Compared with the control reactor, the nitrogen removal rates (NRRs) increased by 18.7%, 27.4% and 8....