A liquation cracking mechanism of dissimilar Al alloys during the friction stir welding (FSW) is suggested in this study. To identify the mechanism, the precipitates were analyzed and Al-Mg-Cu phase diagrams were calculated. Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) analysis and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were also conducted. In the same manner as constitutional liquation, at high hea...

We have performed scanning tunneling microscopy and differential tunneling conductance (dI/dV) mapping for the surface of the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi(2)Se(3). The fast Fourier transformation applied to the dI/dV image shows an electron interference pattern near Dirac node despite the general belief that the backscattering is well suppressed in the bulk energy gap region. The ...

We have studied low-temperature properties of interacting electrons in a one-dimensional quantum wire (Luttinger liquid) side-hybridized with a single-level impurity. The hybridization induces a backscattering of electrons in the wire which strongly affects its low-energy properties. Using a one-loop renormalization group approach valid for a weak electron-electron interaction, we have calculat...

Localized electromagnetic structures with trapped laser light inside are often found in simulations of relativistic laser-plasmas. First, we examine existence and stability of onedimensional electromagnetic solitons formed in a relativistic laser interaction with an underdense cold plasma. In a weakly relativistic model, the original equation of the nonlinear Schrodinger type, with local and no...

Dynamics of the 1D electron transport between two reservoirs are studied based on the inhomogeneous Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid (ITLL) model in the case when the effect of the electron backscattering on the impurities is negligible. The inhomo-geneities of the interaction lead to a charge wave reflection. This effect supposes a special behavior of the transport characteristics at the microwave fr...

We study the influence of electron puddles created by doping of a 2D topological insulator on its helical edge conductance. A single puddle is modeled by a quantum dot tunnel coupled to the helical edge. It may lead to significant inelastic backscattering within the edge because of the long electron dwelling time in the dot. We find the resulting correction to the perfect edge conductance. Gene...

Coalesced bainite is a coarse constituent recently found to develop along with the classical martensite, lower and upper bainite in steel weld metals. Its crystallography has been characterised using electron backscattering diffraction in combination with field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. It is confirmed that coalesced bainite grains are crystallographically homogeneous but do co...

Tunable, monochromatic x-rays have been generated in the Laser Synchrotron Source (LSS) experiment at the Naval Research Laboratory by Thomson backscattering of laser photons from a relativistic electron beam. Laser photons from a 5 J, 10 nsec, Nd:glass laser at 1053 nm wavelength are backscattered from a 4 MeV, 300 mA electron beam generated by an S-band RF gun. Recent experimental results inc...

In this paper, we apply an analytical model [V.V. Kulagin et al., Phys. Plasmas 14,113101 (2007)] to describe the acceleration of an ultra-thin electron layer by a schematic single-cycle laser pulse and compare with one-dimensional particle-in-cell (1D-PIC) simulations. This is in the context of creating a relativistic mirror for coherent backscattering and supplements two related papers in thi...

The problen of the backscattering of electrons from metal targets is subject of extensive theoreticel and experimental work in surface analysis. We are interested in the angular distribution of the backscattered electrons. The flow of electrons satisfies an integral equation, which might be solved by Monte Carlo methods. The Monte Carlo approach, used by A.Dubus, A. Jablonski and S.Tougaard in ...