In response to the uncertainty, nonlinearity and open-loop instability of active magnetic levitation control system, and neural network PID quadratic optimal controller are designed using optimum control theory. Introducing supervised Hebb learning rule, constraint control for positioning errors and control increment weighting are realized by adjusting weighting coefficients, using weighed sum-...

Abstract NIST SRM 1155a is an AISI 316L stainless steel (Cr18–Ni12–Mo2) and Standard Reference Material (SRM) intended for use with test methods elemental analysis. In a previous paper “Measurement of thermophysical properties solid liquid steel”, we already published reliable high temperature the phase this material such as dependent enthalpy, density electrical resistivity, well specific heat...

BACKGROUND Diamagnetic levitation is a technique that uses a strong, spatially varying magnetic field to simulate an altered gravity environment, as in space. In this study, using Streptomyces avermitilis as the test organism, we investigate whether changes in magnetic field and altered gravity induce changes in morphology and secondary metabolism. We find that a strong magnetic field (12T) inh...

BACKGROUND In aerodynamic levitation, solids and liquids are floated in a vertical gas stream. In combination with CO2-laser heating, containerless melting at high temperature of oxides and silicates is possible. We apply aerodynamic levitation to bulk rocks in preparation for microchemical analyses, and for evaporation and reduction experiments. RESULTS Liquid silicate droplets (~2 mm) were ...

This paper presents regulation and tracking control design for a magnetic levitation system (Maglev). First, the nonlinear dynamic model of magnetic levitation system was built. Second, a sliding mode control (SMC) is constructed to compensate the uncertainties occurring in the magnetic levitation system. The control gains were generated mainly by experimental method. Next, a composite controll...

As new advanced vehicles, electromagnetic suspension (EMS)-type maglev trains have received wide attention because of their advantages such as high speed, no mechanical friction, low noise, cost and energy consumption, strong climbing ability, green environmental protection. The open-loop instability is one the key points difficulties for levitation control systems trains. closed-loop feedback ...