background: the aim of the study was to analyze the effective dose record of occupationally exposed radiation workers at bahawalpur institute of nuclear medicine and oncology department. materials and methods: annual effective doses of occupationally exposed workers were measured by film badge dosimetry by sending the dosimeters to radiation dosimetry laboratory (rdl), pakistan institute of nuc...

a lithium borate thermoluminescence dosimeter with 0.3 wt% of manganese impurityconcentration was prepared for high dose levels in the range of 1-30 kgy for gamma irradiation applications.the tld reader was used for read out purposes from ambient temperature to about 400°c with a heating rate of 6°c/sec. the pre- and post- irradiation anneal temperature was 300°c for 1.5 and 1 hours respectivel...

background: the aim of this study was to investigate clinical applications of mobile c-arms and consequent radiation risk,to increase medical attention on radiation protection, and to provide basic data for safe radiation use in the operating room. materials and methods: in this study, a total of 374 surgical operations, conducted using a portable fluoroscopic x-ray system from january to march...

introduction the purpose of this study was to estimate organ and effective doses in patients undergoing some common x-ray examinations in sabzevar, iran. the effective dose is one of the best parameters for describing the amount of radiation dose received by a patient undergoing any diagnostic x-ray examination. the public dose from x-ray examinations depends on various factors, and its contrib...

Glutamate stimulates ventral midbrain (VM) N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR) to initiate dopamine (DA) burst firing activity, a mode of discharge associated with enhanced DA release and reward. Blockade of VM NMDAR, however, enhances brain stimulation reward (BSR), the results can be explained by a reduction in the inhibitory drive on DA neurons that is also under the control of glutamate....

BACKGROUND Gavi recommends solar refrigerators for vaccine storage in areas with less than eight hours of electricity per day, and WHO guidelines are more conservative. The question remains: Can solar refrigerators provide value where electrical outages are less frequent? METHODS Using a HERMES-generated computational model of the Mozambique routine immunization supply chain, we simulated the...

ct.scan examinations cause high patient absorbed dose from x-ray ionizing radiation. therefore it is necessary to obtain superficial dose profile in z-line. in this research 11 thermoluminecent dosimeter (tld), after calibration were located on z line perpendicular to slice thickness. ct.scan machines did x-ray exposures. the resultant dose profiles showed gussian shape apperience, which has se...

background: a study has been conducted to assess two useful radiation protection indices, the annual per-capita effective dose equivalent (aed) and the genetically significant dose (gsd), from conventional diagnostic radiography in 10 counties with more than 1,886,000 inhabitants in khorasan province in iran. materials and methods: the health centre authorities of khorasan province were asked t...

background: radiation dose knowledge through xray examinations and their distribution in iran provides useful guidance on patient dose reduction. the results of the entrance skin dose (esds) of five common radiographies in all radiology centers in yazd province were reported in our previous study (2003). in the present study we have evaluated the collective effective dose of conventional x-ray ...

background: with the introduction of computed tomography in diagnostic radiology a new and fundamentally different imaging modality has become available. meanwhile, it is clear that the absorbed doses by the patients during ct were relatively high in comparison with those of other diagnostic radiology techniques. the aim of this survey was to determine the average absorbed dose in yazd province...