Foxo transcription factors have a conserved role in the adaptation of cells and organisms to nutrient and growth factor availability. Here we show that Foxo1 has a crucial, nonredundant role in T cells. In naive T cells, Foxo1 controlled the expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin, the chemokine receptor CCR7 and the transcription factor Klf2, and its deletion was sufficient to alter lym...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Exp. Med. Vol. 206 No. 13 3101-3114 www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20091925 3101 The intestinal mucosa contains large numbers of mononuclear cells, including macrophages and DCs, which together are believed to play a central role in regulating mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses in both the steadystate and inflammatory setting (Kelsall, 2008)...

High-affinity antibodies are critical for host protection and underlie successful vaccines. The generation of such antibodies requires T cell–dependent help, which mediates germinal center reactions in which mutation and selection of B cells occurs. Using an interleukin 4–reporter system, we show here that CD4+ follicular helper T cells constituted essentially all of the cytokine-secreting T ce...

Surface topology investigation of luminescent polymeric films is a promising research area due to the interest in their technological application, mainly to large-area electroluminescent displays (Holzera et al., 1999). Surface topology of organic flexible materials is generally controlled by a chemical and physical process, the polymer coatings are generally heterogeneous, and the most signifi...

35 36 Directional selectivity, in which neurons respond preferentially to one ‘preferred’ direction of 37 movement over the opposite ‘null’ direction, is a critical computation that is found in the central 38 nervous systems of many animals. Such responses are generated using two mechanisms: 39 spatiotemporal convergence via pathways that differ in the timing of information from different 40 lo...

Under a variety of natural and experimental conditions, speakers and listeners distinguish among different types of non-native phonetic/phonological structure. For example, when asked to judge the acceptability of nonce words, speakers exhibit gradient preferences for certain non-native sound sequences over others (e.g., Greenberg and Jenkins 1964, Scholes 1966, Coleman and Pierrehumbert 1997, ...

Every year researchers and engineers are finding new and useful applications for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems (Finkenzeller, 2003). Because of the growing use of RFID systems, many different areas of research have also been developed to improve the performance of such systems. A few of these areas of research include novel antenna designs (Rao et at., 2005; Calabrese & Marrocco...

Plants must respond to environmental changes in order to thrive. Upon sensing drought, plants protect themselves from water loss by a cascade of events, including rapid closure of stomata on their leaf surfaces and gene expression (Cutler et al., 2010). Drought severity and duration may increase due to climate change, potentially triggering significant agricultural and economic losses in cropla...