In animal tissues the virus of herpes simplex is very stable and can be preserved at refrigerator temperature or in the frozen state for many months. Egg-adapted herpes virus, on the other hand, is said to be relatively unstable so that it cannot be satisfactorily preserved and stored (Scott, 1948a,b). Two recent standard texts on viruses state that "egg virus appears harder to keep, very littl...

Rabbit antibody directed against normal allantoic fluid reduced the protective power of influenza vaccine prepared from egg-grown PR8 virus. A similar vaccine prepared from mouse lung virus was not inhibited. Preimmunization of mice with normal allantoic fluid or with egg-grown influenza B/Lee vaccine (crude or purified) inhibited the protective power of PR8 egg vaccine but did not affect a sim...

A2G mice could be solidly immunized against the Ehrlich ascites tumor by single intraperitoneal injections of homogenized and lyophilized tumor cells which had been infected with oncolytic strains of influenza A virus. Similar homogenates from noninfected tumor cells were not immunogenic, even when mixed with egg-grown virus. The immunizing principle in viral oncolysates could not be separated ...

Using dialyzed allantoic fluid suspensions of meningopneumonitis virus, Crocker (1954) studied the ratio of numbers of virus particles, as determined by electron microscopy, to egg infectivity. He reported the number of particles per egg LDso to vary from 200 to 1000. Zahler and Moulder (1953) used the method of Gogolak (1953), in which stained virus particles are counted by light microscopy, t...

A strain each of mumps and Newcastle disease virus and five strains of influenza virus were found to be capable of removing all the receptors for this group of viruses from fowl red cells. Five virus strains were tested for their capacity to inactivate the virus hemagglutinin of human plasma and of egg white. In the case of egg white all strains including mumps and Newcastle disease virus inact...

Calcinated egg shell (Egg-CaO), of which the main component is calcium oxide, was evaluated in the forms of powder and aqueous solutions for their efficacies as disinfectants against avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Salmonella Infantis and Escherichia coli. Egg-CaO powder inactivated these viruses within 3 min in the presence of...

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) causes substantial egg drop disease. DTMUV was first identified in China and rapidly spread to Malaysia and Thailand. The antigenicity of the DTMUV E protein has not yet been characterized. Here, we investigated antigenic sites on the E protein using the non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 1F3 and 1A5. Two minimal epitopes were mapped to 221LD/NLPW225 and 87...

Triple reassortant (TR) H3N2 influenza viruses cause varying degrees of loss in egg production in breeder turkeys. In this study we characterized TR H3N2 viruses isolated from three breeder turkey farms diagnosed with a drop in egg production. The eight gene segments of the virus isolated from the first case submission (FAV-003) were all of TR H3N2 lineage. However, viruses from the two subsequ...

Vaccinated and non-vaccinated specified pathogen-free White Leghorn laying chickens were challenged at peak of lay by the intravenous or oculonasal route with a virulent avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype B chicken strain. Severe clinical signs and a drop in egg production were induced in the non-vaccinated intravenously challenged birds whereas the vaccinates were not affected. Live virus ex...

Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) is genetically and antigenically related to human HEV. Vertical transmission of HEV has been reported in humans, but not in other animals. In this study, we showed that avian HEV could be detected in chicken egg-white samples. Subsequently, avian HEV in egg white was found to be infectious, as evidenced by the appearance of viraemia, faecal virus shedding and seroc...