The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of chronic exposure to municipal sewage treatment effluent at environmentally relevant concentrations on immune parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), including the assessment of potential differences in reactivity between sexually mature male and female fish. Trout were exposed to 1.5 and 15% (v/v) secondary treate...

The selection of optimum high strength wastewater treatment process is complicated. Be familiar with wastewater treatment methods is not enough to design a plant. In this research, five alternative wastewater treatment methods (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) + membrane bioreactor (MBR), UASB + Extended aeration (EA), Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), anaerobic lagoon (ANL) + aerated lago...

Pharmaceuticals are being used at an increasing rate, and end up in wastewater through excretion and disposal. They also end up in the effluent water of wastewater treatment plants because they are not specifically designed for pharmaceutical removal. Several studies suggest diverse negative effects on aquatic life that are exposed to these trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in their habitats. Th...

The proposed procedure to produce low polluting effluent consists of a combination of coagulation-flocculation and membrane separation process. The main role of the coagulation-flocculation process is the simultaneous enhancement of removal efficiency and increase the permeate flux by minimizing the membrane fouling. Membrane fouling has a significant impact on the cost, design, and operation o...

1.1 Textile industry Textile industry is the largest industrial employer in the country, contributing to 6% GDP (Gross domestic product), 16% of export and about 18% of industrial production. The textile industry plays an important role in Indian economy. It contributes to 9% of excise collection, 30% of export revenue and 18% of employment in industrial sector. Since global trade in textile an...

Most of the slaughterhouses in the state of Kerala (India) do not have proper and effective effluent treatment facilities. Collection of blood and separation of manure to reduce the very high organic load of the effluent are also not practiced. As a result, large volumes of extremely complex effluents with high content of fat, grease, and protein are discharged into land or water bodies causing...

the activated sludge process simply involves bringing together wastewater and a mixed culture of microorganisms under aerobic conditions. the system usually includes a secondary treatment given to the settled sewage, and requires an environment in which active microorganisms are maintained in intimate contact with wastewater in the presence of sufficient oxygen. in this study, the treatment of ...

The domestic use and industrial activity, especially in developing countries, produce large amount of wastewater. This wastewater when disposed into natural channels may lead to high pollution risk. There are different methods for wastewater treatment. One of them is Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), still it has some limitations. The present work has been concentrated on the degradation of ...

in this research, industrial wastewater treatment plants (iwwtps) were investigated and categorized by effluent applications and electrical energy cost. for the purpose of this research, 51 plants were assessed and results indicate that 17 plants discharged the effluent directly to the surface water that most of them are located in north of iran, 24 plants used the effluent for irrigation. othe...

The present study focuses on the improvement in the effluent treatment for the effluent generated from a cotton textile industry employing three reactive dyeing methods viz., Exhaust method, Pad-Dry-Cure method, and Pad-Batch method. Stabilisation pond, aeration tank, and aerobic biological treatment (using E-Coli type bacteria) are simulated in the laboratory in a series operation. Results rev...