where 2S is the viscosity computed by the Smagorinsky formulation (Smagorinsky, 1963), α is a constant in the range 0.01-0.5 and A denotes the area of the current element. A value of α = 0.1 was used keeping in mind the fine resolution of the mesh. Similar to the eddy viscosity, turbulent diffusion in the transport equations (equation 4 in the paper) represents all those processes that can not ...

Diagnostics of ocean variability that reflect and influence local transport properties of heat and chemical species vary by an order of magnitude along the Southern Ocean’s Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Topographic ‘‘hotspots’’ are important regions of localized transport anomalies. This study uses a primitive equation channel model to investigate the structure of eddy kinetic energy (EK...

The physical processes that drive the fluctuations of the extratropical tropopause height are examined with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis data. A composite zonal-mean heat budget analysis for the Northern Hemisphere winter shows that fluctuations in the extratropical tropopause height result not only from a warm...

[1] We perform the first analysis of stratosphere-troposphere exchange in terms of distributions that partition the one-way flux across the thermal tropopause according to stratospheric residence time t and the regions where air enters and exits the stratosphere. These distributions robustly quantify one-way flux without being rendered ill defined by the short-t eddy-diffusive singularity. Diag...

The poleward flowing East Australian Current (EAC) is characterised by its separation from the coast, 100–200 nautical miles north of Sydney, to form the eastward flowing Tasman Front and a southward flowing eddy field. The separation zone greatly influences coastal ecosystems for the relatively narrow continental shelf (only 15–50 km wide), particularly between 32–341S. In this region the cont...

oil and gas transmission pipelines are critical items of infrastructure in providing energy sources to regions and countries. steel pipes are commonly used which can be subject to both internal and external corrosion. this paper presents an advanced nondestructive inspection technique for detection of oil-gas pipeline corrosion defect. the pulsed eddy current (pec) method has been successfully ...