Contemporary digital ecosystems are characterized by their generativity, where third-party developers primarily drive innovations. However, the underlying generative architecture of a digital ecosystem is not well known. In this study, we draw on a network biology approach to explore the architectural pattern of how individual software modules in a digital ecosystem interact with one another to...

Abstract: Explosion Box as Learning Media of Ecosystem Components for Elementary School Student. Objective: This research aims to describe the development explosion box learning media deal with bored student in science use textbooks. Method: Development this study is implementing Borg & Gall. Field test were conducted on 5th grade elementary school students Blitar, Indonesia. Finding: The resul...

the first reaction between food components and biological tissues occurs in the oral cavity. saliva modulates the ecosystem in the oral cavity and plays a critical role in oral homeostasis. in addition, saliva is a first line of defense against free radical-mediated stress. salivary antioxidant defense mechanisms seem to be very important. in this study we discuss in detail free radicals (fr) a...

“Jekyll and Hyde” embodies how information security affects today’s healthcare ecosystem. When security works, it promotes patient health and a smooth operating ecosystem (Dr. Jekyll); when it doesn’t, privacy and health compromises can occur (Mr. Hyde). In this paper, we argue that unusable security triggers this split personality and in doing so, compromises the heart of the healthcare ecosys...

ii Nearshore Birds in Puget Sound T he Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership (PSNP) has developed a list of valued ecosystem components (VECs). The list of VECs is meant to represent a cross-section of organisms and physical structures that occupy and interact with the physical processes found in the near-shore. The VECs will help PSNP frame the symptoms of declining Puget Sound nearshore ecosystem...

T he Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership (PSNP) has developed a list of valued ecosystem components (VECs). The list of VECs is meant to represent a cross-section of organisms and physical structures that occupy and interact with the physical processes found in the near-shore. The VECs will help PSNP frame the symptoms of declining Puget Sound nearshore ecosystem integrity, explain how ecosystem ...

T he Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership (PSNP) has developed a list of valued ecosystem components (VECs). The list of VECs is meant to represent a cross-section of organisms and physical structures that occupy and interact with the physical processes found in the near-shore. The VECs will help PSNP frame the symptoms of declining Puget Sound nearshore ecosystem integrity, explain how ecosystem ...

Insects and other small invertebrates are ubiquitous components of all terrestrial and freshwater food webs, but their cumulative biomass is small relative to plants and microbes. As a result, it is often assumed that these animals make relatively minor contributions to ecosystem processes. Despite their small sizes and cumulative biomass, we suggest that these animals may commonly have importa...

Perspective A series of prominent and controversial papers about the state of marine ecosystems has occupied the pages of high-profile journals over the last decade [1–7]. While some might quarrel with the specific conclusions of these papers, there is no dispute that managers of ocean and coastal habitats confront a growing diversity of very serious challenges [8] that, if left unattended, thr...

This paper addresses problems in computational creative discovery, either autonomous or in synergetic tandem with humans. A computer program generates output as a combination of base primitives whose interpretation must lie outside the program itself. Concepts of combinatoric and creative emergence are analysed in relation to creative outputs being novel and appropriate combinations of base pri...