E HAVE studied economic growth and development since Adam Smith set out to explain the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. In the 1950s and 1960s, Gary Becker, Jacob Mincer, T. W. Schultz, and others turned economists’ attention to education and the role it plays in a variety of economic phenomena. More recently, economists have linked these two literatures, examining the impact that ed...

BACKGROUND Gambling is a risky behaviour that involves uncertain financial outcomes, can be addictive, and has been associated with strongly adverse social and public health outcomes. We wanted to assess whether socio-economic and gambling-related-opportunity environments of neighbourhoods affected the uptake of video lottery terminal (VLT) gambling among Montréal youth. METHODS Spatial and s...

Introduction The role of education in local, state and national economic development has become a central public policy issue in recent years. Rural localities, in particular, which typically have lower education levels among the adult population than urban areas, view increased educational investments as an important component of an economic development strategy. At the same time, rural commun...

justice is one of the most significant features of islamic government, and economic justice is considered to be its most distinct manifestation, for giving due attention to economic rights paves the way for the attainment of sublime islamic objectives. the criterion and the objectives of justice, the priority of justice over growth and development and the essential need of efficacy for justice ...

This paper describes a performance assessment of Portuguese secondary schools using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The assessment adopts a perspective where schools are viewed as promoting students achievement given their characteristics in terms of academic abilities and socio-economic background. Our sample comprised all secondary schools in Portugal with both basic and secondary education ...

BACKGROUND The assessment of oral health status of children in government and private schools provide data on the oral health status of children from different socio-economic background. AIM The aim of the following study is to assess and to compare the oral hygiene status, gingival status and caries experience between children from government and private schools in Andhra Pradesh, India. S...

Using a longitudinal sample of Texas high school seniors of 2002 who enrolled in college within the calendar year of high school graduation, we examine variation in college persistence according to the economic composition of their high schools, which serves as a proxy for unmeasured high school attributes that are conductive to postsecondary success. Students who graduated from affluent high s...

OBJECTIVES Universal interventions may widen or narrow inequalities if disproportionately effective among higher or lower socio-economic groups. The present paper examines impacts of the Primary School Free Breakfast Initiative in Wales on inequalities in children's dietary behaviours and cognitive functioning. DESIGN Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Responses were linked to free school m...

CONTEXT Socially accountable medical schools aim to reduce health inequalities by training workforces responsive to the priority health needs of underserved communities. One key strategy involves recruiting students from underserved and unequally represented communities on the basis that they may be more likely to return and address local health priorities. This study describes the impacts of d...

BACKGROUND Past attempts to estimate the cost of migration were limited to education costs only and did not include the lost returns from investment. The objectives of this study were: (i) to estimate the financial cost of emigration of Kenyan doctors to the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA); (ii) to estimate the financial cost of emigration of nurses to seven OECD coun...