A goal of economic research is to determine the causal relationship among economic variables. This paper introduces the Hausman speci cation test of endogeneity, for testing the independence between the stochastic regressor and the disturbances. We describe alternative approaches to estimating simultaneous-equation systems and we present an empirical example of economic growth and health that n...

Should developing countries eschew conventional command and control regulatory instruments that are increasingly seen as inefficient and rely instead on 'alternative' instruments based on economic incentives and community pressure? This paper addresses this question as it pertains to fixed point air pollution. The paper discusses the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of alternative instr...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the convergent validity between the domains of the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant image (AUQUEI) and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire instrument (CPQ(11-14)) among schoolchildren and to assess the difference between socio-economic and clinical variables associated with their scores. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study ...