STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the economic cost of sleep disorders in Australia and relate these to likely costs in similar economies. DESIGN AND SETTING Analysis of direct and indirect costs for 2004 of sleep disorders and the fractions of other health impacts attributable to sleep disorders, using data derived from national databases (including the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare...

Inferences about the economic cost of a product are frequently based on measures of historic cost. We examine a model in which a firm makes a sequence of overlapping capacity investments. Earlier research has identified particular accrual accounting (depreciation) rules which have the property that on a per unit basis the historic cost of a product captures precisely its marginal cost. Relative...

In and out of government, determining the cost of illness is a major concern. The allocation of health care resources and the evaluation of current research and program efforts depend in large measure on such information. This article updates the 1963 benchmark study of the cost of illness. For the 16 major diagnostic categories of illnesses, the cost is presented in terms of the direct costs f...

Economic model predictive control (EMPC) is a control scheme that combines real-time dynamic economic process optimization with the feedback properties of model predictive control (MPC) by replacing the quadratic cost function with a general economic cost function. Almost all the recent work on EMPC involves cost functions that are time invariant (do not explicitly account for time-varying proc...

BACKGROUND The detrimental impact of smoking on health has been widely documented since the 1960s. Numerous studies have also quantified the economic cost that smoking imposes on society. However, these studies have mostly been in high income countries, with limited documentation from developing countries. The aim of this paper is to measure the economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases in...

nowadays, economic load dispatch between generation units with least cost involved is one of the most important issues in utilizing power systems. in this paper, a new method i.e. water cycle algorithm (wca) which is similar to other intelligent algorithm and is based on swarm, is employed in order to solve the economic load dispatch problem between power plants. wca is used to solve complicate...