Various types of economic illegalities as well as underground economic activities occur in all countries. In Cuba, however, public policies and structural economic forces have promoted these phenomena significantly. Indeed, Cuba appears to be awash with economic illegalities. Some of these are quickly apparent to the average visitor. Many Cuban citizens insist that almost everyone is involved i...

As a result of advancing globalization and economic activities that go beyond national borders, gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP) are becoming dissociated. The two are the same to the extent that they measure (gross) added value generated during a specific period (e.g., one year). A difference between them is, generally speaking, the former focuses on whether economi...

Anthony J. Venables LSE and CEPR . Abstract: Growth and development typically involve the creation of new economic activities. New productive sectors develop, and old activities come to be performed in radically different ways. Evidence from both economic history and economic development suggest that this process of structural change is central to increasing growth and raising standards of livi...

This paper investigates the role of economic freedom in banking stability by using a panel data set for the period 1998-2013 in 43 selected countries. We turn our investigation to the effects of economic freedom on banking stability. The effects of economic freedom on financial stability are estimated. This paper calculates the z-score measure for banking stability. The findings from this study ...

The study addressed the economic comparison of the achievements of Fadama III agricultural enterprises in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria using task-target performance approaches. It aimed at identifying the indicators, tasks and targets and achievement of Fadama III. Some materials used were secondary information collected from the various Fadama III project offices. Simple random sampling tec...

In the conditions of national and global transformations, which are taking place under influence factors political economic instability, one most important problems functioning development enterprises is ensuring their competitiveness. At current stage world economy, characterized by high levels instability randomness course processes, an urgent task management entities study market behaviour, ...

© 2008 American Institute of Physics, S-0031-9228-0807-030-0 Physicists seldom allow students in their courses to escape without understanding and being able to perform calculations pertaining to energy. Outside of science circles, however, “energy” generally refers not to an overall conserved quantity but rather to the large-scale conversion of stored energy into electricity, locomotion, or ma...

This paper considers the extent to which the objective of “active ageing” is currently being met and obstacles to its realisation. It shows how most transitions from work to retirement are abrupt. Despite much advocacy by social gerontologists of the merits of a gradual withdrawal from working life, the incidence of transitions from full-time to part-time work, or from dependentto self-employme...