The ability of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs to enter the brain is a critical issue in the treatment of many viral brain diseases, including HIV-related neurologic disease. Much of the literature concerning nucleoside analog entry into the nervous system focuses on drug levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), equating these with drug levels in the brain extracellular fluid (ECF) as though...

Bacteria employ extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors for their responses to environmental stresses. Despite intensive research, the molecular dissection of ECF sigma factor regulons has remained a major challenge due to overlaps in the ECF sigma factor-regulated genes and the stimuli that activate the different ECF sigma factors. Here we have employed tiling arrays to single out the EC...

The enhancement of plant secondary metabolite production in cell suspension cultures through biotic or abiotic elicitation has become a potential biotechnological approach for commercialization or large-scale production of bioactive compounds. Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. is an important medicinal plant, rich in a group of oleanane triterpenoid saponins called gymnemic acid, well known for its anti-...

Why do entrepreneurs prefer to seek one equity form of funding over another? To address this question, we develop a contingency-based model perceived fit that delineates several factors influence strategic fund-seeking decisions by entrepreneurs. In prior research, entrepreneur has largely been explained using models rely on rule-based approaches (e.g., the pecking order assumption) or value ca...

The word "electrocoagulation" (EC) will be sometimes used with "electroflotation" (EF) and can be considered as the electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) process. Through the process of electrolysis, coagulating agents such as metal hydroxides are produced. When aluminium electrodes are used, the aluminium dissolves at the anode and hydrogen gas is released at the cathode. The coagulating agent co...

Abstract Several eucalyptus pulps (85% of cellulose) with different lignin and HexA content (unbleached, TCF ECF) as well cotton linters (97% were treated ozone (at pH doses) in order to modify its fibre-components. Special interest was given the introduction functional groups carbohydrates. The presence these mainly identified by chain scissions due carbonyl (CS C=O ) produced cellulose during...

Harvesting has been recognized as a major bottleneck in any microalgae-based technology, making it relevant research topic the field. Among applicable technologies, electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) devoted lot of attention an effective alternative to conventional metal salts addition. This paper reports and comments available literature on ECF, aiming at retrieving assessing main parameters a...

Executive control function (ECF) deficit is a common complication of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Characteristics of brain network connectivity in TLE with ECF dysfunction are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate resting-state functional connectivity (FC) changes in patients with unilateral intractable TLE with impaired ECF. Forty right-handed patients with left TLE confirme...

PURPOSE Tiagabine is a unique antiepileptic drug with a novel mechanism of action. Whilst some limited data are available as to the peripheral blood pharmacokinetics of tiagabine, data regarding the kinetics of tiagabine in the central brain compartment are very limited. We therefore sought to investigate serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and frontal cortex and hippocampal extracellular fluid (E...