BACKGROUND Although globally, the number of notified TB cases is higher for males, a few countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Afghanistan; Lebanon; Iran and Pakistan) of the World Health Organization have a relatively higher number of female cases. Pakistan ranks fifth amongst the highest TB burden countries and poses a rich ground for exploratory research to address the gender differ...

OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases in Iran contributing to an array of health problems. In light of this, the aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence of epilepsy in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS & METHODS A systematic search of several databases including PubMed, scientific information databases, Google, Google scholar, Elsevier...

In the last two decades, we have witnessed three major epidemics of coronavirus human disease namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern syndrome, and more recently an ongoing global pandemic 2019 (COVID-19). Iran, a country nearly 84 million, in East, severely involved with COVID-19 disease. A documented multidimensional approach to is therefore mandatory provide well-bal...

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects around 50 million people globally (Boer, et al., 2008; Meyer, et al., 2010). It is probably the most universal of all medical disorders, occurring in both men and women, and affecting all ages, races, social classes, and nations (Reynolds, 2000). In its report on epilepsy, the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (2010) of the World Heal...

For about two-hundred-fifty years between the mid-9th - early 6th centuries BC, Urartian Kingdom established its hegemony in Eastern Anatolia and neighboring regions of Northwestern Iran, Nakhchivan, Armenia, as most influential political, military, economic power time. Despite rugged geography rough climatic conditions this mountainous terrain, Urartu thrived by developing a centralized admini...

Due to its hostile behavior in the Middle East, Iran has been sanctioned severely by international community. Despite isolation attempts community, is nevertheless regarded as a powerhouse regional power constellation, owing actions Middle-Eastern proxy wars. Acknowledging anomaly of Iran’s capabilities spite heavy sanctions, this research arguably shows how Sino-Iranian relations paves way for...

For the lithostratigraphy and microbiostratigraphical studies, a stratigraphical section (named Dareh-Goshayesh) has selected and is located in southeast of Maragheh city, south of eastern Azerbaijan province in the northwest of Iran. The thickness of successions in the selected stratigraphic section is measured about 223.6 m. The mentioned studied stratigraphic section is composed of two clast...

The taxonomic validity of the recently described endemic species Aphaniops hormuzensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae) from southern Iran has been questioned as its original description did not include data another species, i.e. A. kruppi eastern Oman. Because absence mitochondrial COI gene sequences, was also included in recent phylogenetic studies. We therefore generated for and used new to ...

A molecular phylogeny of the sphaerodactylid geckos of the genus Pristurus is inferred based on an alignment of 1845 base pairs (bp) of concatenated mitochondrial (12S) and nuclear (acm4, cmos, rag1 and rag2) genes for 80 individuals, representing 18 of the 23-26 species, and the three subspecies of P. rupestris. The results indicate that P. rupestris is polyphyletic and includes two highly div...

PURPOSE Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that normally colonizes the human nasopharyngeal cavity. Once disseminated, it can cause several diseases, ranging from non-invasive infections such as acute otitis media and sinusitis through to invasive infections with higher mortality, including meningitis and septicaemia. Since the identification of the first S. pneumoniae strain wit...