Abstract: The design of retaining walls requires the complete knowledge of the earth pressure distribution behind the wall. Due to the complex soil-structure effect, the estimation of earth pressure is not an easy task; even in the static case. The problem becomes even more complex for the dynamic (i.e., seismic) analysis and design of retaining walls. Several earth pressure models have been de...

The horizontal geoelectric field induced at the Earth’s surface during temporal variations of the geomagnetic field drives Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) in groundbased conductor networks, such as electric power transmission grids. Usually studies of the geoelectric field in connection with GIC research employ the assumption of a onedimensional (1D) Earth conductivity structure. At ocea...

There are varieties of techniques for calculating natural frequency of the structures. Nevertheless, these equations are less developed in the geotechnical structures such as slopes, buttress group, dams, and retaining walls. In earth dams, with respecting to the dimensions and weight of dam, soil-structure interaction is of prime importance for finding seismic parameters including natural freq...

Earth dam is a structure as homogeneous or non-homogeneous forms for raising water level or water supply. Earth dam consist of different parts that one of the main parts is clay core. Choosing an optimal non permeable core which causes reduction of seepage through dam body and also being stable is necessary. The objective of this research is to optimize the geometry of earth dam clay core such ...

Computer models of mantle convection constrained by the history of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions explain some deep-mantle structural heterogeneity imaged by seismic tomography, especially those related to subduction. They also reveal a 150-million-year time scale for generating thermal heterogeneity in the mantle, comparable to the record of plate motion reconstructions, so that the probl...

[1] Seismic tomography reveals two large, low-shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean. These structures may have existed for several 100 Myr and are likely compositionally distinct based on observed seismic characteristics interpreted in light of geodynamic models and mineral physics constraints. We investigate the dynamics of the LLSVPs through the use of evoluti...

One of the most important studies of the earth sciences is that of the Earth’s interior structure. There are many sources of data for the construction of tomographic models of earth structure. These include: the time of the first arriving waves from earthquakes and from man-made sources, measurements of the earth’s gravity field, and measurements of the dispersion of surface waves generated fro...

When Sue Hough asked me to review this new textbook I accepted immediately. I've been watching it mature for almost two decades and am pleased it is now actually published as a real textbook. I first became aware of a much earlier draft when I began teaching and was tasked to teach an introductory seismology course for new graduate students. At that time (early 1980's) there was a major gap in ...

In this paper the results of X-ray diffraction experiments of Ln-Si-Al-O-N (Ln = La, Gd, Yb) glasses are presented. Total structure factors and pair correlation functions allow the determination of the first coordination sphere of Ln atoms. The bond lengths observed correspond to the ionic radii of the Ln-ions surrounded by oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The presence of non-bridging nitrogen is dis...