Recently, Islam and Biswas proposed an efficient and secure ID-based remote mutual authentication with key agreement scheme. We have analyzed the security and performance of Islam and Biswas’s scheme and showed that their scheme has some pitfalls. In order to solve these problems, we have constructed an enhanced ECC remote mutual authentication with key agreement scheme and proven that the prop...

The controversies and theological debates between different religions have always been an interesting topic for the scholars of religion. These debates were usually carried out in two ways: orally, in a meeting dedicated to these debates, or in writing. One of the religious traditions criticized since its emergence and against which many refutations were written in the early Islamic centu...

According to Islam, Allah created man to worship Him and to lead a virtuous life based on His teachings and guidance. But how can man know and fulfill his role and the purpose of his existence if he does not receive clear and practical instructions of what Allah wants him to do? The existence of prophethood, by which Allah sent a prophet to every nation to reveal His message in terms that the p...

Islamic bioethics is in good health, this article argues. During the twentieth century, academic researchers had to deal with a number of difficulties including the scarcity of available Islamic sources. However, the twenty-first century witnessed significant breakthroughs in the field of Islamic bioethics. A growing number of normative works authored by Muslim religious scholars and studies co...

An ethical system must do two things: It must envision a particular way of life and it must work out a path to the realization of that way of life that is internally consistent, yet workable in the real world. Surprisingly, recent ecological ethics have failed to realize these two components of an ethical system. From Leopold's Land Ethic to Deep Ecology, no coherent ethical system was born. Mo...

islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of north africa, the middle east, and southeast asia. the art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s muslims. because islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike christian art- islamic artists develo...

Among the "Great Religions" of the world may be discovered repetition and similarity, as well as, variations and significant differences. This similarity becomes clear when it is understood that of the five great religions-Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism-a reduction to two may be made historically. Hinduism and Judaism may be considered the genesis of the other three: Hinduism ...

According to Syed Naquib al-Attas and Mahayudin Yahaya, the teaching of Islam arrived in Malaysia during the end of 9 th century, though historical notes on the study and writing of Quranic exegesis or tafsir were not much found except after the 20 th century. Besides, reviewing the literature on the topic found that the writings do not describe the tafsir development in-depth as well factors d...

BACKGROUND Malaysia is a multicultural society, predominantly composed of a Muslim majority population, where Islam is influential. Malaysia has a concentrated HIV epidemic amongst high risk groups, such as, Intravenous Drug Users (IVDU), sex workers, transgender women and Men who have sex with Men (MSM). The objective of this study is to understand how Islam shapes HIV prevention strategies in...