Various types of complications arising from intravenous indwelling needles have become a challenge in clinical care. It is urgent to seek a simple and cost-effective method for prevention and treatment of phlebitis. We investigated the roles of mirabilite in preventing and treating phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needles and provide guidance for prevention and treatment of mechanical...

recent developments in medicine have given us a better insight into a group of disorders known as autoimmune diseases. in particular, advances have occurred in our understanding of the autoimmune inner ear disease (aied). in this article, the authors review the different postulated theories in the pathogenesis of this disease. the clinical presentation, the available para-clinical diagnostic to...

Decreased responsiveness of the aged to infection may be associated with a decline in monokine production. Prior studies in macrophages have used different eliciting agents, and results have varied. We assessed the effect of age on interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in unelicited, thioglycollate (TG)-elicited, and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-elicite...

Due to the three-dimensional configuration of the auricle and cartilage, surgeons encounter significant challenges in the reconstruction of auricular defects in anterior regions such as the antihelix and triangular fossa. Local flaps, skin grafting, and wedge excision are currently used in these locations. Postauricular flaps are the most common of these techniques, due to their advantages that...

Ear necrosis is a syndrome affecting pigs shortly after weaning and is regarded as an animal welfare issue. The etiology is unknown but Treponema spp., predominantly Treponema pedis, are commonly detected in the lesions. Oral treponemes have been suggested as source of infection, transferred by biting and licking behavior. In this study, five pigs were intradermally inoculated with Treponema pe...

in order to investigate the contribution of ear photosynthesis and cytokinin in determining grain sink size, a pot study was conducted during january to june 2005 in cereal glasshouse of faculty of agriculture of karaj, iran. experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with a factorial arrangement of two factors, three replications and four pots in each plot. factors included culti...

background and aim: aging is accompanied with changes in cognitive capacities. in spite of advances in neural imaging technologies, there is not a straightforward method to observe cognitive functions. for assessing brain functions, researchers mainly use psychometric tests. the aim of this study was using consonant-vowel (cv) dichotic test as a non-invasive behavioral test for auditory attenti...

conclusions taken together, these data reveal that cellular protease of chicken liver cells allows the replication of high yields of h9n2 virus in the absence of trypsin and also cell death in the infected cells is due to necrosis. results the degree of viability was significantly reduced in infected hepatoma cells. observations of caspase activation and cell dna laddering in infected cells wer...

brucellosis is a zoonotic disease mostly transmitted to humans through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and can lead to a systemic disease with any organ involvement. in this report, we describe a case of brucellosis-induced avascular necrosis of the hip. brucellosis was diagnosed through serological tests, and avascular necrosis of the femoral head was confirmed by pelvic mri. the p...