Despite the striking reversal of the gender gap in educational attainment and the near-gender parity in math performance, women pursue science and engineering (S/E) degrees at much lower rates than their male peers do. Current efforts to increase the number of women in these fields focus on different life-course periods but lack a clear understanding of the importance of these periods and how o...

Ž . Ž . We use inverse photoelectron spectroscopy IPES and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy UPS to investigate Ž . unoccupied and occupied electronic states of five organic semiconductor materials: CuPc copper phthalocyanine , PTCDA Ž . Ž . Ž X X Ž . X 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride , a-6T a-sexithiophene , a-NPD N,N -diphenyl-N,N -bis l-naphthyl -l,l XX . Ž Ž . . biphenyl-4...

A system, ca l l ed GAP, which automat ica l ly produces LISP func t ions from example computations is descr ibed. GAP uses a knowledge of LISP programming to i n d u c t i v e l y i n f e r the LISP f u n c t i o n 'obviously ' intended by a given ' i o p a i r ' ( i . e . a s ing le input to be presented to the f u n c t i o n and the output which must r e s u l t ) . The system is w r i t t ...

Compaction of the mouse embryo, which takes place at the 8-cell stage, is dependent upon the adhesion molecule E-cadherin (uvomurulin), but does not require protein synthesis, suggesting that post-translational modification(s) is (are) implicated in the setting up of this phenomenon. The demonstration recently that E-cadherin is phosphorylated at the 8-cell stage just before compaction supports...

The digitisation of publishing has redefined the publishing industry and the reading experience for consumers. E-readers and smart devices are now part of the value proposition of e-books offering affordances ranging from overcoming the physical limitations of print books to providing the functionality of information systems to the reading experience. A gap exists in understanding the preferenc...

The benefits of e-tax services are linked to its adoption and usage. E-tax adoption rates in developing countries remain low and so its benefits are not fully realized. This is because governments have focused largely on technical supply-side factors with little emphasis on the demand perspective of e-tax adoption. The result has been a gap between what is offered and what is consumed. This pap...