The proposition that dynamic optimization provides better estimates of muscle forces during gait than static optimization is examined by comparing a dynamic solution with two static solutions. A 23-degree-of-freedom musculoskeletal model actuated by 54 Hill-type musculotendon units was used to simulate one cycle of normal gait. The dynamic problem was to find the muscle excitations which minimi...

this research work is devoted to the investigation on the use of silica on the fatigue-to-failure property of a tire tread compound. a reference compound was frst designed in which 60 phr carbon black was used as the reinforcing fller. while keeping the total of fller content to be constant as 60 phr, three additional compounds with 5, 10 and 20 phr silica were then manufactured. the classical ...

Conclusions: In this Letter, a new modular analogue neuro-chip set with an on-chip learning capability is presented for adaptive nonlinear equalisers. Using the analogue neural equaliser, digital telecommunication receivers do not need, and can eliminate, supplementary devices such as analogue-to-digital converters and digital equalisers. Although several chips are used for experiments, one-chi...

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic Ž nancial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices—one each fo...

Although on the same theoretical basis, the current standards of major countries have set out two evidently different distributions of along-wind static equivalent wind loads, one is the same as the mean wind force and the other is the same as the first mode shape, on tall buildings. In this paper, the fluctuating static equivalent wind load is evaluated as mean, background and resonant compone...

Conceptualizing, visualizing, analyzing, reasoning about and implementing Dynamic Interactive Systems (DISs) are difficult and error-prone activities. To conceptualize and reason about the sorts of properties expected of any DIS, a formal framework that most naturally facilitates conceptualization and modelling of DISs is essential. In this paper we propose and explain why extending the Equival...

Microgrid is a new power system concept consisting of small-scale distributed energy resources; storage devices and loads. It is necessary to employ a simplified model of microgrid in the simulation of a distribution network integrating large-scale microgrids. Based on the detailed model of the components, an equivalent model of microgrid is proposed in this paper. The equivalent model comprise...

Approximate dynamic analysis of structures is achieved by fast wavelet transform (FWT). The loads are considered as time history earthquake loads. To reduce the computational work, FWT is used by which the number of points in the earthquake record are reduced. For this purpose, the theory of wavelets together with filter banks are used. The low and high pass filters are used for the decompositi...

MATLAB is a dynamic numerical scripting language widely used by scientists, engineers and students. While MATLAB’s high-level syntax and dynamic types make it ideal for prototyping, programmers often prefer using high-performance static languages such as FORTRAN for their final distributable code. Rather than rewriting the code by hand, our solution is to provide a tool that automatically trans...