Wingless and the argosomes ignaling proteins may set up gradients by moving in membrane fragments, dubbed argosomes by Suzanne Eaton and colleagues (Eaton first observed the structures when she was studying apical–basal sorting of proteins that have glycophosphatidylinositol (gpi) tails. " It was this completely random observation several years ago, " she says. " When we saw this we just droppe...

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins play critical roles in plant immunity. However, how NLRs are regulated and activate defense signaling is not fully understood. The rice (Oryza sativa) NLR receptor Piz-t confers broad-spectrum resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae RING-type E3 ligase AVRPIZ-T INTERACTING PROTEIN 10 (APIP10) negatively regulates accumulation. I...

Five children in whom a diagnosis of Seckel syndrome had previously been made were re-examined in the genetic unit. One child had classical Seckel syndrome, a sib pair had the features of the syndrome with less severe short stature, and in two children the diagnosis was not confirmed. Seckel syndrome is only one of a group of low birth weight microcephalic dwarfism and careful attention should ...