The phrase "duty of care" is, at best, too vague and, at worst, ethically dangerous. The nature and scope of the duty need to be determined, and conflicting duties must be recognized and acknowledged. Duty of care is neither fixed nor absolute but heavily dependent on context. The normal risk level of the working environment, the healthcare worker's specialty, the likely harm and benefits of tr...

The characteristics of embedded pulse plasma using 60 MHz radio frequency as the source power and 2 MHz radio frequency as the bias power were investigated for the etching of SiO2 masked with an amorphous carbon layer (ACL) using an Ar/C4F8/O2 gas mixture. Especially, the effects of the different pulse duty ratio of the embedded dual-frequency pulsing between source power and bias power on the ...

The sensor networks consist of the smaller sensor nodes which automatically constructs the routes between themselves to form the data delivery paths.There are several methods of energy conservation such as clustering, routing, duty cycling and many others. The duty cycling or sleep wake cycling is incorporated for the minimization for energy consumption. The effective duty cycling procedure req...

The increasing reliance on information technology to support business processes has emphasised the need for information security mechanisms. This, however, has resulted in an ever-increasing workload in terms of security administration. Policy-based approaches have been proposed, promising to lighten the workload of security administrators. Separation of duty is one of the principles cited as a...

Biodiversity in Australia continues to decline despite substantial government efforts to promote conservation. A statutory duty of care for biodiversity could promote positive outcomes and complement existing regulatory and voluntary approaches. Interest in a duty of care has been persistent, but progress elusive. Two interrelated issues around the social acceptability of a statutory duty of ca...

OBJECTIVES We examined stress levels and other indicators of mental health in reservists and active-duty military personnel by deployment status. METHODS We used data from the Department of Defense Health-Related Behaviors surveys, which collect comprehensive, population-based data for reserve and active-duty forces. Data were collected from 18 ,342 reservists and 16, 146 active-duty personne...

Vehicle emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic aerosol (OA), and black carbon (BC) were measured at the Caldecott tunnel in the San Francisco Bay Area. Measurements were made in bore 2 of the tunnel, where light-duty (LD) vehicles accounted for >99% of total traffic and heavy-duty trucks were not allowed. Prior emission studies conduct...

Among access control models, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is very useful and is used in many computer systems. Static Combination of Duty (SCD) and Dynamic Combination of Duty (DCD) constraints have been introduced recently for this model to handle dependent roles. These roles must be used together and can be considered as a contrary point of conflicting roles. In this paper, we propose sev...

We propose duty templates as a novel concept to produce similar duty schedules for similar days of operation in public transit. Duty templates can conveniently handle various types of similarity requirements, and they can be implemented with ease using standard algorithmic techniques. They have produced good results in practice.

The paper introduces duty measure for optimization methods. Duty expresses the relationship between the quality of the result and the time required to obtain the result. The usefulness of the duty measure is demonstrated on a case study involving a local optimization of a large traveling salesman problem. Using duty, a deterministic method and a probabilistic method are combined into a hybrid m...