نتایج جستجو برای: dusts and gases of volcanic eruptions
تعداد نتایج: 24067144 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Volcanic eruptions caused major weather and climatic changes on timescales ranging from hours to centuries in the past. Volcanic particles are injected in the atmosphere both as primary particles rapidly deposited due to their large sizes on time scales of minutes to a few weeks in the troposphere, and secondary particles mainly derived from the oxidation of sulfur dioxide. These particles are ...
In this article, we present satellite data analysis of atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) from volcanic eruptions and anthropogenic activities. Data from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) on board ERS-2 for the years 1996 to 2002 is analyzed using a DOAS based algorithm with the aim of retrieving SO2 Slant Column Densities (SCDs). Difficulties in the retrieval of SO2 SCDs due to instrumen...
Global-mean surface temperature is affected by both natural variability and anthropogenic forcing. This study is concerned with identifying and removing from global-mean temperatures the signatures of natural climate variability over the period January 1900–March 2009. A series of simple, physically based methodologies are developed and applied to isolate the climate impacts of three known sour...
Understanding the cooling effect of recent volcanoes is of particular interest in the context of the post-2000 slowing of the rate of global warming. Satellite observations of aerosol optical depth above 15 km have demonstrated that small-magnitude volcanic eruptions substantially perturb incoming solar radiation. Here we use lidar, Aerosol Robotic Network, and balloon-borne observations to pro...
Large explosive volcanic eruptions are capable of injecting considerable amounts of particles and sulphur gases (mostly sulphur dioxide) above the tropopause, causing increases in the stratospheric aerosol optical depth that may be even larger than one order of magnitude. The efolding particle lifetime in the stratosphere is much longer than in the troposphere (one year versus a few days) so th...
Major volcanic eruptions in the central North river systems by dispersing through the sea. However, some Island of New Zealand and, in particular, an eruption dated rivers, that were probably severely affected in their at 186, spread ignimbrite and volcanic ashes (tephra) headwaters, have lower elevation and more distant over a broad area, deposition of which caused major tributaries whose c...
The characteristics of planetary wave energy propagation are being compared based on NCEP reanalysis data from 1958 to 2002 between boreal winters after strong volcanic eruptions, non-volcanic winters and episodes of strong polar vortex lasting at least 30 days. It shows that in the volcanically disturbed winters much more planetary wave energy is produced in the troposphere, passes through the...
The Eel River draining the Coast Range of northwestern California has the highest recorded average suspended sediment yield per drainage area of any river of its size or larger unaffected by volcanic eruptions or active glaciers in the conterminous United States (1,720 t/kmyr from 9,390 km; Brown and Ritter, 1971). These high rates of erosion and sediment transport result from a combination of ...
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