BACKGROUND TGF-β has been described as a mediator of fibrosis and scarring. Several studies achieved reduction in experimental scarring through the inhibition of TGF-β. Fibroblasts have been defined as the cell population originating fibrosis, blocking fibroblast invasion may impair epidural fibrosis appearance. For this purpose, biocompatible materials used as mechanical barriers and a TGF-β i...

This study evaluated the quantity and quality of newly formed vertical bone induced by sputtered hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants compared with sandblasted acid-etched implants after dura mater elevation. Hydroxyapatite-coated and non-coated implants (n = 20/group) were used and divided equally into two groups. All implants were randomly placed into rabbit calvarial bone (four implants f...

not easily forgotten, and once pictured in the mind's eye by the aid of an accurate description, there can be but little danger that when thereafter encountered they might be mistaken for anything else. Descriptions of such cysts abound in the records of most asylums, and it may be well to open -what I have to say regarding them by quoting a description from the archives of the West Riding Asyl...

ly form in the adult type, mature cartilage (1, 2). Pathologically, chondromas are classified as enchondromas when they are located within the bone (within the medullary cavity), as periosteal chondromas when they are on the surface of the bone and as soft tissue chondromas when they are in the extra-osseous and extra-synovial soft tissue regions (2). Soft tissue chondromas are also called extr...

Freeman and Watts recommended the use of a Killian's nasal elevator in the performance of pre-frontal leucotomy in mental disorders. A combined suction and cutting instrument was first described by McGregor and Crumbie (1942). This instrument was used by Rao and Govindaswamy (1944) in a series of cases, and during operation in one case, the rotating blade slipped inside the brain from its mount...

Purpose. Incidental durotomy is a relatively common complication for patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery. Delineating anatomical variants in the posterior lumbar spinal canal is crucial in reducing future rates of incidental durotomy. Materials and Methods. The ligamentous attachments between the dura mater and ligamentum flavum in the lumbar region of 17 soft-fixed cadavers were inves...

Background Epidural blood patch (EBP) is a recognized treatment for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (SCFL) and is typically administered by the interlaminar approach. Here, we report a case of a patient in whom SCFL failed to resolve after three applications of interlaminar EBPs before finally being successfully treated with transforaminal EBP. Case presentation We report a case of a 41-...

Importance A growing number of neurologic treatments rely on neural implants capable of delivering electrical and chemical stimulation to targeted regions of the central nervous system for extended periods. Objective To assess the potential of a novel class of multimodal neural implants, termed electronic dura mater or e-dura, to fulfill this need. Evidence Review Results from preclinical a...

STUDY DESIGN Direct removal of an ossified mass via an anterior approach carries good decompression, to one- or two-level ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine. Ossification occasionally involves not only the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) but also the underlying dura mater. Defect of the dura mater by resection of the dural ossification (DO) ca...

Intervertebral total disc replacements (TDR) are used in the treatment of degenerative spinal disc disease. There are, however, concerns that they may be subject to long-term failure due to wear. The adverse effects of TDR wear have the potential to manifest in the dura mater and surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological structure of the dura mater, isolate...