 Evaluate the impact on pipe performance and life expectancy of the transition (1991) from wall thickness class to pressure class designations in the manufacture and design standards for ductile iron pipes.  Study and compare historical failure rates of ductile iron pipes in a geographically diverse group of water utilities from North America and Australia.  Evaluate reliability and capabili...

The fatigue strength offerritic ductile iron, Grade EN-GJS-400-18U-LT. was determined for large section castings measuring 4 by 24 by 24 inches. Fatigue testing was conducted in bending fatigue in order to determine the influence of surface conditions on fatigue strength. Test specimens with various surface conditions were evaluated, including notched and un-notched specimens, as well as those ...

We have investigated the anomalous Ettingshausen effect (AEE) in iron–carbon alloys, i.e., cast irons and steel, using lock-in thermography. All alloys exhibit clear AEE-induced temperature modulation, their coefficient is an order of magnitude greater than that pure iron at room temperature. The dimensionless figure merit for AEE ductile 55 times owing to significant increase coefficient. Our ...

There is a need for cast irons with combined combination of properties in modern conditions. Such can be provided by ductile iron nodular and vermicular graphite, which essentially hybrid terms microstructure. The article found that graphite its mechanical rational alternative to malleable iron, namely the grade KCh45-6 (GOST 1215-79). Also, ratio nodular/vermicular (70…95/5…30%) was determined...

This paper presents an overview of the current knowledge concerning SiMo ductile cast iron begins by describing standard type before proceding to description its microstructures. The then chemical composition and significant influence individual elements on technological mechanical properties. research section focuses addition Si Mo matrix gray iron. After casting, stepped samples were carried ...

The influence of the austempering temperatures on microstructure and mechanical properties austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) was investigated. ADI is nodular graphite iron, which owing to higher strength elongation, exceeds conventional spheroidal iron. Such a combination achieved by heat treatment through austenitization, followed at different temperatures. austenitization conditions were sa...